A Comparison of Visual Recognition of the Laryngopharyngeal Structures Between High and Standard Frame Rate Videos of the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess whether or not high frame rate (HFR) videos recorded using high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) improve the visual recognition of the motions of the laryngopharyngeal structures during pharyngeal swallow in fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Five healthy subjects were asked to swallow 0.5 ml water under fiberoptic nasolaryngoscopy. The endoscope was connected to a high-speed camera, which recorded the laryngopharyngeal view throughout the swallowing process at 4000 frames/s (fps). Each HFR video was then copied and downsampled into a standard frame rate (SFR) video version (30 fps). Fifteen otorhinolaryngologists observed all of the HFR/SFR videos in random order and rated the four-point ordinal scale reflecting the degree of visual recognition of the rapid laryngopharyngeal structure motions just before the ‘white-out’ phenomenon. Significantly higher scores, reflecting better visibility, were seen for the HFR videos compared with the SFR videos for the following laryngopharyngeal structures: the posterior pharyngeal wall (p = 0.001), left pharyngeal wall (p = 0.015), right lateral pharyngeal wall (p = 0.035), tongue base (p = 0.005), and epiglottis tilting (p = 0.005). However, when visualized with HFR and SFR, ‘certainly clear observation’ of the laryngeal structures was achieved in <50% of cases, because all the motions were not necessarily captured in each video. These results demonstrate the use of HSDI in FEES makes the motion perception of the laryngopharyngeal structures during pharyngeal swallow easier in comparison to SFR videos with equivalent image quality due to the ability of HSDI to depict the laryngopharyngeal motions in a continuous manner.

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