Oncogene addiction in non-small cell lung cancer: focus on ROS1 inhibition

Detection of genetic alterations mastering lung cancer biology provides suitable targets for personalized anti-cancer therapy. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), activating mutations of EGFR, HER2, BRAF, MET, as well as gene fusions involving ALK, ROS1, RET, the members of NTRK and FGFR families, govern the oncogenic potential of malignant cells. The detection and targeting of those genetic abnormalities have demonstrated major improvement in clinical outcomes. Altogether, genetic alterations suitable of targeted treatments are currently detected in 30-40% of advanced non-small cell lung cancers (mainly adenocarcinomas) in Western populations [1]; in Asian countries the prevalence is higher, due to the elevated percentage of EGFR-mutated tumors [2].

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