Source:Journal of Controlled Release
Author(s): Xiandi Zhu, Yn Sun, Di Chen, Jingfeng Li, Xia Dong, Jie Wang, Huaiwen Chen, Ying Wang, Fulei Zhang, Jinaxin Dai, Rogério P. Pirraco, Shangjing Guo, Alexandra P. Marques, Rui L. Reis, Wei Li
This manuscript describes a synergistic therapy for mastocarcinoma by pH and temperature dual-sensitive nanogel, and effects of microstructure, composition and properties of nanogel on the cellular response mechanism. The extracellular internalization of nanogels was obviously enhanced, due to the passive targeting function at T>VPTT. Interestingly, the increased cytotoxicity was further synergistically enhanced by an unexpected apoptosis as evoked by the 5-fluorouracil loaded nanogel (FLNG). The systemically evaluation of the effectors generated from different sub-cellular organelles including endosome, lysosome, autophagosome confirmed that it was a lysomal dependent apoptosis. Such specific apoptosis was mainly attributed to its activatable protonated PEI at low pH, which caused lysosomal membrane destruction and lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B (Cat B) leakage. This Cat B was then translocated to the mitochondria resulting in mitochondrial membrane permeability increase and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease, followed by cytochrome c (Cyt C) release. Cyt C was the main molecule that evoked apoptosis as reflected by overexpression of caspase 9. Additionally, such lysosome dependent, apoptosis was further enhanced by the passive cellular targeting at T>VPTT. Thus, the tumor growth inhibition was synergistically enhanced by the extracellular temperature dependent passive targeting and intracellular pH activatable lysosomal dependent apoptosis.
Graphical abstract
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