In situ and in silico kinetic analyses of the Programmed Cell Death 1, Programmed Cell Death-Ligands, and B7-1 interaction network [Molecular Biophysics]

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory receptor with an essential role in maintaining peripheral tolerance, and among the most promising immunotherapeutic targets for treating cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. A complete understanding of the consequences of PD-1 engagement by its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, and of PD-L1 binding to B7-1, requires quantitative analysis of their interactions at the cell surface. We present here the first complete in situ kinetic analysis of the PD-1/PD-1 ligands/B7-1 system. Consistent with previous solution measurements, we observed higher in situ affinities for human (h) than murine (m) PD-1 interactions, stronger binding of hPD-1 to hPD-L2 than hPD-L1, and comparable binding of mPD-1 to both ligands. However, in contrast to the relatively weak solution affinities, the in situ affinities of PD-1 are as high as those of the TCR for agonist pMHC and of LFA-1 for ICAM-1, but significantly lower than that of the B7-1-CTLA-4 interaction, suggesting a distinct basis for PD-1 versus CTLA-4 mediated inhibition. Notably, the in situ interactions of PD-1 are much stronger than that of B7-1 with PD-L1. Overall, the in situ affinity ranking greatly depends on the on-rate instead of the off-rate. In silico simulations predict that PD-1-PD-L1 interactions dominate at interfaces between activated T cells and mature dendritic cells, and that these interactions will be highly sensitive to the dynamics of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. Our results provide a kinetic framework for better understanding inhibitory PD-1 activity in health and disease.

from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2mzcP7T
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