Proton therapy, especially in the form of pencil beam scanning (PBS), allows for the delivery of highly conformal dose distributions for complex tumor geometries. However, due to scattering of protons inside the patient, lateral dose gradients cannot be arbitrarily steep, which is of importance in cases with organs at risk (OARs) in close proximity to, or overlapping with, planning target volumes (PTVs). In the PBS approach, physical pencil beams are planned using a regular grid orthogonal to the beam direction. In this work, we propose an alternative to this commonly used approach where pencil beams are placed on an irregular grid along concentric paths based on the target contour. Contour driven pencil beam placement is expected to improve dose confirmation by allowing the optimizer to best enhance the penumbra of irregularly shaped targets using edge enhancement. Its effectiveness has been shown to improve dose confirmation to the target volume and reduce doses to OARs in hea...
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Publication date: October 2017 Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 103 Author(s): Mingan Yu, Duqiang Liu, ...
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Abstract Endurance exercise generates CO 2 via aerobic metabolism; however, its role remains unclear. Exogenous CO 2 by transcutaneous d...
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FS Teni, AS Surur, A Hailemariam, A Aye, G Mitiku, AE Gurmu, B Tessema Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research 2015 5(6):454-460 ...
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Abstract Background Studies exploring the association between physical activity, screen time and sleep and pain usually focus on a limit...
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One third of adult patients with orthognathic surgery of a prognathic or retrognathic mandible show relapse. The sagittal split osteotomy of...
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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis BioMed Research International BioMed Research InternationalTanshinone IIA Alleviates CCL2-Induced Le...
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We present a small-scale fading analysis of the vehicular-to-vehicular (V2V) propagation channel at 5.9 GHz when both the transmitter (Tx) a...
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The nanoanalytical high resolution TEM/STEM investigation of the intergranular grain boundary phase of anisotropic sintered and rapidly quen...
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