Molecular biomarkers to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer

Bladder cancer (BC) is usually diagnosed at a surgically resectable stage, and early radical cystectomy with pelvic node dissection remains the cornerstone of therapy of muscle-invasive disease. However, cancer-specific survival after cystectomy is relatively low, ranging from 72% at 5 years for patients with organ-confined disease, to 48-25% at 5 years in patients with extravescical extension or lymph node metastases. Nearly half of patients diagnosed with stages T2b-T4a develop metastatic disease within two years [1].

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