Clinical and biological effects of demethylating agents on solid tumours – a systematic review

Epigenetics is the process of heritable changes of the chromosome without changing the DNA sequence itself [1]. Distinctive processes that drive alterations of the epigenome include DNA methylation, RNA associated silencing and histone (de)acetylation [1]. Epigenetic changes such as global hypomethylation, particularly at centrometric repeats, as well as hypermethylation, often occurring in CpG islands, are frequently present in cancer [2]. Hypomethylation has been linked to genomic instability, while CpG island hypermethylation is affecting gene expression by altering the chromatin structure [3].

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