Une cause rare d’hémorragie digestive: la polypose gastrique induite par inhibiteur de la pompe à protons au long cours

Résumé

Les inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons constituent une étiologie reconnue de la formation des polypes gastriques. En général asymptomatique, leur caractère proliférant et inflammatoire peut être à l'origine d'une hémorragie digestive.

Nous rapportons le cas rare d'un homme de 73 ans sous inhibiteur de la pompe à protons au long cours pour un reflux gastro-oesophagien. La survenue d'un méléna et d'une anémie ferriprive impose la réalisation d'un bilan endoscopique retrouvant une polypose glandulokystique et hyperplasique diffuse de l'estomac. Un traitement par plasma argon des polypes les plus inflammatoires est entrepris après échec du traitement par polypectomie. L'inhibiteur de la pompe à protons est arrêté et la gastroscopie de contrôle à un mois ne retrouve plus de polypes inflammatoires.

Le cas rapporté est celui d'une hémorragie digestive haute chronique sur polypose gastrique secondaire à une prise d'inhibiteur de la pompe à protons au long cours. Ce cas permet de mettre en évidence l'efficacité, la simplicité d'un traitement par plasma argon en comparaison à un traitement par polypectomie et la régression de la polypose à l'arrêt du traitement par inhibiteur de la pompe à protons relayé par un antagoniste des récepteurs à l'histamine de type 2.

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Publication date: May 2017
Source:Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 100, Issue 5





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Invited review: Determinants of farmers' adoption of management-based strategies for infectious disease prevention and control

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 100, Issue 5
Author(s): Caroline Ritter, Jolanda Jansen, Steven Roche, David F. Kelton, Cindy L. Adams, Karin Orsel, Ron J. Erskine, Geart Benedictus, Theo J.G.M. Lam, Herman W. Barkema
The prevention and control of endemic pathogens within and between farms often depends on the adoption of best management practices. However, farmers regularly do not adopt recommended measures or do not enroll in voluntary disease control programs. This indicates that a more comprehensive understanding of the influences and extension tools that affect farmers' management decisions is necessary. Based on a review of relevant published literature, we developed recommendations to support policy-makers, industry representatives, researchers, veterinarians, and other stakeholders when motivating farmers to adopt best management practices, and to facilitate the development and implementation of voluntary prevention and control programs for livestock diseases. Farmers will make management decisions based on their unique circumstances, agricultural contexts, beliefs, and goals. Providing them with rational but universal arguments might not always be sufficient to motivate on-farm change. Implementation of recommended management practices is more likely if farmers acknowledge the existence of a problem and their responsibility to take action. The perceived feasibility and effectiveness of the recommended management strategy and sufficient technical knowledge further increase the likelihood of adequate adoption. Farmers will also weigh the expected advantages of a proposed change against the expected disadvantages, and these considerations often include internal drivers such as pride or the desire to conform with perceived standards. Extension tools and farmers' social referents (e.g., veterinarians, peers) not only provide technical information but also influence these standards. Whereas mass media have the potential to deliver information to a broad audience, more personal approaches such as participatory group learning or individual communication with farm advisors can enable the tailoring of recommendations to farmers' situations. Approaches that appeal to farmers' internal motivators or that unconsciously elicit the desired behavior will increase the success of the intervention. Collaboration among stakeholders, assisted by social scientists and communication specialists, is necessary to provide a context that facilitates on-farm change and transfers consistent messages across extension tools in the most effective way.



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Invited review: Anti-adhesive properties of bovine oligosaccharides and bovine milk fat globule membrane-associated glycoconjugates against bacterial food enteropathogens

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 100, Issue 5
Author(s): T. Douëllou, M.C. Montel, D. Thevenot Sergentet
The prevalence of the main raw milk and raw milk–derived dairy product enteropathogens (Campylobacter, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Listeria, and Salmonella) is higher than the number of epidemiological cases related to ingesting these foodstuffs. Bovine milk oligosaccharides and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM)-linked glycoconjugates interact with foodborne enteropathogens to inhibit their adhesion to intestinal cells and tissues. This review examines the main mechanisms and strategies used by enteropathogens to adhere to their target, details the anti-adhesive properties of MFGM against enteropathogens and enterotoxins, assesses the integrity of bacteria–MFGM complexes during dairy product manufacture and digestion, and discusses the potential for using these macromolecules and glycoconjugates in foods for public health.



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Interpretive Summaries, May 2017

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 100, Issue 5





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Characterization of major and trace minerals, fatty acid composition, and cholesterol content of Protected Designation of Origin cheeses

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 100, Issue 5
Author(s): C.L. Manuelian, S. Currò, M. Penasa, M. Cassandro, M. De Marchi
Cheese provides essential nutrients for human nutrition and health, such as minerals and fatty acids (FA). Its composition varies according to milk origin (e.g., species and breed), rearing conditions (e.g., feeding and management), and cheese-making technology (e.g., coagulation process, addition of salt, ripening period). In recent years, cheese production has increased worldwide. Italy is one of the main producers and exporters of cheese. This study aimed to describe mineral, FA, and cholesterol content of 133 samples from 18 commercial cheeses from 4 dairy species (buffalo, cow, goat, and sheep) and from 3 classes of moisture content (hard, <35% moisture; semi-hard, 35–45%; and soft, >45%). Mineral concentrations of cheese samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and FA and cholesterol contents were determined by gas chromatography. Moisture and species had a significant effect on almost all traits: the highest levels of Na, Ca, and Fe were found in cheeses made from sheep milk; the greatest level of Cu was found in cow milk cheese, the lowest amount of K was found in buffalo milk cheese, and the lowest amount of Zn was found in goat cheeses. In all samples, Cr and Pb were not detected (below the level of detection). In general, total fat, protein, and minerals significantly increased when the moisture decreased. Buffalo and goat cheeses had the highest saturated FA content, and sheep cheeses showed the highest content of unsaturated and polyunsaturated FA, conjugated linoleic acid, and n-3 FA. Goat and sheep cheeses achieved higher proportions of minor FA than did cow and buffalo cheeses. Buffalo cheese exhibited the lowest cholesterol level. Our results confirm that cheese mineral content is mainly affected by the cheese-making process, whereas FA profile mainly reflects the FA composition of the source milk. This study allowed the characterization of mineral and FA composition and cholesterol content and revealed large variability among different commercial cheeses.



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Benchmarking passive transfer of immunity and growth in dairy calves

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Journal of Dairy Science, Volume 100, Issue 5
Author(s): D.J. Atkinson, M.A.G. von Keyserlingk, D.M. Weary
Poor health and growth in young dairy calves can have lasting effects on their development and future production. This study benchmarked calf-rearing outcomes in a cohort of Canadian dairy farms, reported these findings back to producers and their veterinarians, and documented the results. A total of 18 Holstein dairy farms were recruited, all in British Columbia. Blood samples were collected from calves aged 1 to 7 d. We estimated serum total protein levels using digital refractometry, and failure of passive transfer (FPT) was defined as values below 5.2 g/dL. We estimated average daily gain (ADG) for preweaned heifers (1 to 70 d old) using heart-girth tape measurements, and analyzed early (≤35 d) and late (>35 d) growth separately. At first assessment, the average farm FPT rate was 16%. Overall, ADG was 0.68 kg/d, with early and late growth rates of 0.51 and 0.90 kg/d, respectively. Following delivery of the benchmark reports, all participants volunteered to undergo a second assessment. The majority (83%) made at least 1 change in their colostrum-management or milk-feeding practices, including increased colostrum at first feeding, reduced time to first colostrum, and increased initial and maximum daily milk allowances. The farms that made these changes experienced improved outcomes. On the 11 farms that made changes to improve colostrum feeding, the rate of FPT declined from 21 ± 10% before benchmarking to 11 ± 10% after making the changes. On the 10 farms that made changes to improve calf growth, ADG improved from 0.66 ± 0.09 kg/d before benchmarking to 0.72 ± 0.08 kg/d after making the management changes. Increases in ADG were greatest in the early milk-feeding period, averaging 0.13 kg/d higher than pre-benchmarking values for calves ≤35 d of age. Benchmarking specific outcomes associated with calf rearing can motivate producer engagement in calf care, leading to improved outcomes for calves on farms that apply relevant management changes.



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