Publication date: Available online 2 March 2018
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Nieves Mata-Castro, Javier Gavilanes-Plasencia, Rafael Ramírez-Camacho, Alfredo García-Fernández, José Ramón García-Berrocal
IntroducciónLos esquemas actuales de tratamiento de la hipoacusia inmunomediada con corticoides, a dosis baja y pauta corta, son insuficientes.MétodosPara determinar el papel de la azatioprina en el control del deterioro auditivo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal con 20 pacientes tratados con azatioprina por vía oral (1,5-2,5mg/kg/día en dos dosis) durante 1año. Se consideró recaída la pérdida de 10dB en dos frecuencias consecutivas o de 15dB en una frecuencia aislada.ResultadosLa edad media de los pacientes fue de 52,50años (IC95%: 46,91-58,17), y la mitad fueron mujeres. La afectación bilateral fue del 65%. Un 75% presentaban enfermedad organoespecífica y un 25%, enfermedad autoinmune sistémica. La diferencia entre la PTA basal (46,49 dB; DE18,90) y la PTA a los 12meses (45,47dB; DE18,88) no alcanzó significación estadística (p=0,799). Existía una correlación positiva moderada entre sexo femenino y presencia de enfermedad sistémica (R=0,577). Aplicando t de Student para datos apareados se obtuvo una diferencia significativa (p=0,042) entre el descenso de la PTA en frecuencias hasta 1.000Hz (PTA125-1.000Hz). La tasa relativa de incidencia de recaída por año fue de 0,52 recaídas/año (IC95%: 0,19-1,14). El tiempo medio de supervivencia libre de recaída audiométrica fue de 9,70meses (DE1,03).ConclusionesLa azatioprina mantiene el umbral de audición, disminuye el riesgo de recaída y frena la velocidad con la que los pacientes recaen, alterando el curso de la enfermedad inmunomediada del oído interno.IntroductionCurrent schemes for treatment of immune-mediated hearing loss with sporadic short-course, low-dose corticosteroids, are insufficient.MethodsTo determine the role of azathioprine in the control of auditory impairment, a longitudinal, observational, descriptive study was performed with 20 patients treated with azathioprine (1.5-2.5mg/kg/day into two doses) for 1year. The loss of 10dB on two consecutive frequencies or 15dB on an isolated frequency was considered as relapse.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 52.50years (95%CI: 46.91-58.17), half were women. Bilateral affectation was 65%. 75% had organ specific disease and 25% had systemic autoimmune disease. The difference between baseline PTA (46.49dB; DS18.90) and PTA at 12months (45.47dB; DS18.88) did not reach statistical significance (P=.799). There was a moderate positive correlation between female sex and the presence of systemic disease (R=.577). By applying Student's t for paired data, a significant difference (P=.042) was obtained between the PTA in frequencies up to 1000 Hz (PTA125-1000Hz). The relative incidence rate of relapse per year was .52 relapses/year (95%CI: .19-1.14]). The median time to audiometric relapse-free was 9.70months (DS1.03).ConclusionsAzathioprine maintains the hearing threshold, decreases the risk of relapse, and slows down the rate at which patients relapse, altering the course of immune-mediated inner ear disease.
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