Summary
Context
Serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter in the central and enteric nervous systems, modulating psychological, metabolic, and gastrointestinal functions. Serotonin is also found in the serum or plasma, indicating its potential role as a hormone.
Objective
We aimed to assess the 24-hour diurnal profile of serum serotonin in relation to meal ingestion in healthy adult men.
Methods
Ten healthy (5 lean and 5 obese) male subjects were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were drawn every 30-60 min throughout a 24-hour period to determine the serotonin, insulin, and glucose levels. Three meals were provided on a fixed schedule. To confirm the effect of meal intake on serum serotonin levels, 4 subjects underwent fasting until 1500 h and were then provided a meal without notice.
Results
Serum serotonin levels had distinct diurnal variations, with the highest levels early in the morning and the lowest levels in the mid-afternoon and during sleep. Notably, these diurnal oscillations were markedly reduced in obese subjects. Fluctuations in serum serotonin levels were associated with meal intake, and the levels peaked 30 min before meals and exhibited a trough during the postprandial period. Fasting blunted the meal-related oscillations in serum serotonin levels. Moreover, unexpected meal intake did not lead to a pre-meal increase in serum serotonin levels.
Conclusions
Serum serotonin levels displayed meal-related diurnal oscillations, which were disrupted by fasting and obesity. These findings suggest the possibility that circulating serotonin modulates metabolic function in humans.
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