Inferior vena cava segmentation with parameter propagation and graph cut

Abstract

Purpose

The inferior vena cava (IVC) is one of the vital veins inside the human body. Accurate segmentation of the IVC from contrast-enhanced CT images is of great importance. This extraction not only helps the physician understand its quantitative features such as blood flow and volume, but also it is helpful during the hepatic preoperative planning. However, manual delineation of the IVC is time-consuming and poorly reproducible.

Methods

In this paper, we propose a novel method to segment the IVC with minimal user interaction. The proposed method performs the segmentation block by block between user-specified beginning and end masks. At each stage, the proposed method builds the segmentation model based on information from image regional appearances, image boundaries, and a prior shape. The intensity range and the prior shape for this segmentation model are estimated based on the segmentation result from the last block, or from user- specified beginning mask if at first stage. Then, the proposed method minimizes the energy function and generates the segmentation result for current block using graph cut. Finally, a backward tracking step from the end of the IVC is performed if necessary.

Results

We have tested our method on 20 clinical datasets and compared our method to three other vessel extraction approaches. The evaluation was performed using three quantitative metrics: the Dice coefficient (Dice), the mean symmetric distance (MSD), and the Hausdorff distance (MaxD). The proposed method has achieved a Dice of \(89.56 \pm 3.71\%\) , an MSD of \(0.80 \pm 0.33\)  mm, and a MaxD of \(11.48 \pm 3.04\)  mm, respectively, in our experiments.

Conclusion

The proposed approach can achieve a sound performance with a relatively low computational cost and a minimal user interaction. The proposed algorithm has high potential to be applied for the clinical applications in the future.

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