Summary
Objective
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet) on weight loss, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Design, Patients and Measurements
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted among 60 overweight or obese patients with PCOS. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either low-calorie DASH (N=30) or control diet (N=30) for 12 weeks. The DASH and control diets were consisted of 52-55% carbohydrates, 16-18% proteins and 30% total fats; however, the DASH diet was designed to be rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, cholesterol and refined grains. Both diets were equicaloric.
Results
Adherence to the DASH diet, compared to the control diet, resulted in a significant decrease in BMI (-1.6±0.5 vs. -1.2±0.7 kg/m2, P=0.02). Significant decreases in AMH (-1.1±3.1 vs. +0.3±0.7 ng/mL, P=0.01), insulin (-25.2±51.0 vs. -1.2±28.8 pmol/L, P=0.02), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (-0.9±2.0 vs. -0.1±1.0, P=0.02), free androgen index (FAI) (-0.03±0.09 vs. +0.06±0.21, P=0.02) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (-0.5±0.4 vs. +0.2±0.3 μmol/L, P<0.001), and significant increases in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01±0.03 vs. -0.004±0.01, P=0.02), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (+3.7±8.5 vs. -1.5±7.2 nmol/L, P=0.01) and nitric oxide (NO) (+9.0±4.9 vs. +0.6±2.3 μmol/L, P<0.001) were also seen in the DASH group compared with the control group .
Conclusions
Adherence to the DASH diet for 12 weeks among PCOS women had beneficial effects on BMI, AMH, insulin metabolism, SHBG, FAI, NO and MDA levels.
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