Site-specific O-glycosylation by Polypeptide GalNAc-transferase T2 Co-regulates Beta1-adrenergic Receptor N-terminal Cleavage [Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices]

The β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and the predominant adrenergic receptor subtype in the heart, where it mediates cardiac contractility and the force of contraction. Although it is the most important target for β-adrenergic antagonists, such as beta-blockers, relatively little is still known about its regulation. We have previously shown that β1AR undergoes constitutive and regulated N-terminal cleavage participating in receptor down-regulation, and moreover that the receptor is modified by O-glycosylation. Here we demonstrate that the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 2 (GalNAc-T2) specifically O-glycosylates β1AR at five residues in the extracellular N-terminus, including the Ser49 residue at a location of the common Ser49Gly single-nucleotide polymorphism. Using in vitro O-glycosylation and proteolytic cleavage assays, a cell line deficient in O-glycosylation, GalNAc-T edited cell line model systems, and a GalNAc-T2 knockout rat model, we show that GalNAc-T2 co-regulates the metalloproteinase-mediated limited proteolysis of β1AR. Furthermore, we demonstrate that impaired O-glycosylation and enhanced proteolysis leads to attenuated receptor signaling, as the maximal response elicited by the βAR agonist isoproterenol and it potency in a cAMP accumulation assay was decreased in HEK293 cells lacking GalNAc-T2. Our findings reveal, for the first time, a GPCR as a target for co-regulatory functions of site-specific O-glycosylation mediated by a unique GalNAc-T isoform. The results provide a new level of β1AR regulation that may open up possibilities for new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.

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