Nuclear Factor One transcription factors as epigenetic regulators in cancer

Abstract

Tumour heterogeneity poses a distinct obstacle to therapeutic intervention. While the initiation of tumours across various physiological systems is frequently associated with signature mutations in genes that drive proliferation and bypass senescence, increasing evidence suggests that tumour progression and clonal diversity is driven at an epigenetic level. The tumour microenvironment plays a key role in driving diversity as cells adapt to demands during tumour growth, and is thought to drive certain subpopulations back to a stem cell-like state. This stem cell-like phenotype primes tumour cells to react to external cues via the use of developmental pathways that facilitate changes in proliferation, migration, and invasion. Because the dynamism of this stem cell-like state requires constant chromatin remodelling and rapid alterations at regulatory elements, it is therefore of great therapeutic interest to identify the cell-intrinsic factors that confer these epigenetic changes that drive tumour progression. The Nuclear factor one (NFI) family are transcription factors that play an important role in the development of many mammalian organ systems. While all four family members have been shown to act as both oncogenes and tumour suppressors across various cancer models, evidence has emerged associating them as key epigenetic regulators during development and within tumours. Notably, NFIs have also been shown to regulate chromatin accessibility at distal regulatory elements that drive tumour cell dissemination and metastasis. Here we summarise the role of the NFIs in cancer, focusing largely on the potential mechanisms associated with chromatin remodelling and epigenetic modulation of gene expression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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