Portable Device (Bruxoff®) to Measure Sleep Bruxism

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Diagnostic Accuracy of a Portable Device (Bruxoff®) to Measure Sleep Bruxism via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Diagnosis of sleep bruxism (SB) challenges clinicians every day due to multiple forms of assessment tools available, including self-reported questionnaires, clinical examinations, portable devices, and laboratory polysomnography (PSG). PSG has become the gold standard for evaluating SB but it can be limited due to cost and restricted accessibility which often is characterized by long waiting times. Hence, there is a need for the development of a reliable method that can assess SB in a simple and portable manner, which would offer acceptable sensitivity and specificity to evaluate SB. Objective To investigate reliability and validity of the Bruxoff® device for the diagnosis of SB compared to the PSG. Methods 49 subjects underwent one night of polysomnographic study with simultaneous recording with the Bruxoff® device. Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) index was scored according to published criteria. Pearson correlation, Bland-Altman plot, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve outcomes were used to quantify the agreement between both methods. Results ROC analysis showed an acceptable accuracy for the Bruxoff® with sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 72% when the cut-off was set at 2 events per hour. Pearson correlation analysis showed a nearly significant correlation between PSG and Bruxoff® for RMMA index (r= .282 p= .071) and for total sleep bruxism episodes per night (r=.295 p=.058). Additionally, the Bland-Altman plot revealed a consistent and systematic difference in the measurement of events between devices. Conclusion The Bruxoff® device appears to be a promising diagnostic method for clinical use but further study is needed. View on Web

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Prediction and validation of microbial community function from normal pulp to pulpitis caused by deep dentinal caries

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Prediction and validation of microbial community function from normal pulp to pulpitis caused by deep dentinal caries via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Introduction Microbial function changes may be responsible for dental pulp transformation from normal to diseased. However, studies on the prediction and verification of the function of the microbial community in the deep dentine and pulp of caries-induced pulpitis are lacking. Methods This study included 171 cases of deep dentinal caries divided into normal pulp (NP), reversible pulpitis (RP), and irreversible pulpitis (IRP). In Experiment I, the microbial-community composition was identified in 111 samples using 16S ribosomal DNA. Function prediction was performed through phylogenetic investigation of communities by PICRUSt prediction and qPCR. In Experiment II, different microbiome functions were confirmed in 60 samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results In Experiment I, microbial abundance significantly differed in the IRP group compared to the other two groups. The RP and NP groups had the same microbiome composition, but the predicted functional difference between the RP and NP groups pertained to membrane transport (P<0.010). The predicted functional difference between the IRP and NP groups pertained to amino-acid, co-factor, and vitamin metabolism (P<0.010). In Experiment II, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotation revealed that the differential metabolites between the RP and NP groups did not participate in membrane transport; however, the differential metabolites between the IRP and NP groups participated in amino-acid metabolism. Conclusions The near-pulp microbiome in RP and NP with deep dentinal caries had the same differential function. However, amino acid metabolism in near the pulp microbial community differed between IRP and NP with deep dentinal caries. View on Web

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Impact of peri‐implant soft tissue characteristics on health and esthetics

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Impact of peri‐implant soft tissue characteristics on health and esthetics via Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry Abstract Objective To review the impact of key peri-implant soft tissue characteristics on health and esthetics. Main Considerations The keratinized mucosa width (KMW), the mucosal thickness (MT), and the supracrestal tissue height (STH) are essential components of the peri-implant soft tissue phenotype. An inadequate KMW (<2 mm) has been associated with local discomfort upon oral hygiene performance and increased risk for the onset of peri-implant diseases. A minimum buccal MT (≥2 mm) is generally required to prevent esthetic issues related to the effect of transmucosal prosthetic elements on the color of the mucosa and can also contribute to long-term mucosal stability. STH is directly related to marginal bone remodeling patterns during the early healing process that follows the connection of transmucosal prosthetic components. Short STH, generally defined as <3 mm, has been consistently associated with marginal bone loss resulting from the physiologic establishment of the mucosal seal. Insufficient STH may also derive into the fabrication of unfavorable transmucosal prosthetic contours, which f requently results in unpleasing esthetic outcomes and predisposes to submarginal biofilm accumulation. Peri-implant soft tissue dehiscences (PISTDs) are a type of peri-implant deformity that are associated with esthetic issues and often occur in sites presenting KMW, MT, and/or STH deficiencies. PISTDs should be correctly diagnosed and treated accordingly, usually by means of multidisciplinary therapy. Conclusion Understanding the impact of different dimensional and morphologic features of the peri-implant mucosa on health and esthetic outcomes is fundamental to make appropriate clinical decisions in the context of tooth replacement therapy with implant-supported prostheses. View on Web

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Outcomes of relapsed/refractory extracranial germ cell tumors treated on conventional salvage chemotherapy without stem cell rescue: Experience from a tertiary cancer center

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Outcomes of relapsed/refractory extracranial germ cell tumors treated on conventional salvage chemotherapy without stem cell rescue: Experience from a tertiary cancer center via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract Background and aims Data on the outcome and prognostic indicators in extracranial relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors (rel/ref-GCTs) in children are limited to a few studies. This study looks at remission rates and outcomes of rel/ref-GCTs treated with conventional salvage chemotherapy (SC) regimens without stem cell rescue at a single center in the developing world. Methods Patients treated at our center from January 2009 to December 2018 were included. Risk at primary presentation was stratified as all completely excised teratomas and stage I gonadal tumors being low risk (LR); stage IV ovarian, stage III–IV extragonadal GCTs as high risk (HR), and the remaining as intermediate risk (IR). SC regimens were: vinblastine–ifosfamide–cisplatin/carboplatin or paclitaxel–ifosfamide–cisplatin/carboplatin, or cisplatin/carboplatin–etoposide–bleomycin. Local therapy was either surgery and/or radiotherapy. Results The analyzable cohort comprised 50 patients (44 = rel-GCTs; 6 = ref-GCTs) with a median age of 3.8 years and male:female ratio of 1.27:1. Primary location was ovary in 16 (32%), testicular in 10 (20%), and extragonadal in the rest (48%). Local, metastatic, and combined progression was noted in 28 (56%), 14 (28%), and eight (16%) patients, respectively, at a median time of 8.5 months. At a median follow-up of 60 months, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort (n = 50) were 42.4% and 50.0%, respectively. In patients previously exposed to platinum analogs (n = 38), 5-year-EFS and OS were 27.7% and 31.7%, respectively. Local relapses did better when compared to metastatic and combined relapses (5-year EFS: 64% vs. 23% vs. 0%; p = .009). LR and IR tumors did better compared to HR (5-year EFS: 81.5% vs. 49.3% vs. 6.5%; p = .002). Patients with normalization of t umor markers after two cycles had a superior EFS (57.6% vs. 0%; p < .001). Relapsed tumors fared better than primary refractory GCTs (5-year EFS: 48.6% vs. 0%; p < .001). Conclusions Primary refractory GCTs, extragonadal rel-GCTs, and rel/ref-GCTs with a poor biochemical response did poorly with conventional SC and need alternative treatment strategies. The rel/ref-testicular GCTs had the best chance of salvage despite a second recurrence (5-year EFS and OS: 28.60% and 42.90%, respectively). View on Web

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Genomic profiling and precision medicine in complex ameloblastoma

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Genomic profiling and precision medicine in complex ameloblastoma via Head & Neck Abstract Background Ameloblastoma may present a significant treatment challenge in the locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic setting. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) can identify targetable genomic alterations to aid in treatment. Methods Ameloblastoma samples were sequenced using hybrid-capture based sequencing. A systematic literature review was performed to examine outcomes in studies employing targeted treatment in ameloblastoma. Results We reviewed 14 cases of Ameloblastoma using CGP. There were six patients with activating BRAF mutations, five with PIK3CA, five with SMO, four with FGFR2, one with EGFR, and one with ROS1. All cases were MSI stable and the median TMB was 2.5 mutations/Mb. A separate literature review of clinical outcomes in ameloblastoma showed a predominance of at least partial response to targeted treatment (7/12 cases). Conclusion CGP is helpful in identifying specific driver mutations in patients with complex ameloblastoma. Targeted treatment has been employed with success in achieving treatment response. View on Web

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Exogenous fetuin‐A protects against sepsis‐induced myocardial injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in mice

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Exogenous fetuin‐A protects against sepsis‐induced myocardial injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in mice via Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Abstract Sepsis-induced myocardial injury is a consequence of septicemia and is one of the major causes of death in intensive care units. A serum glycoprotein called fetuin-A is secreted largely by the liver, tongue, placenta, and adipose tissue. Fetuin-A has a variety of biological and pharmacological properties. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant glycoprotein fetuin-A has shown its efficacy in a number of inflammatory disorders including sepsis. However, its protective role against sepsis-induced myocardial injury remains elusive. The purpose of this work is to explore the role of fetuin-A in mouse models of myocardial injury brought on by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). CLP significantly induced the myocardial injury assessed in terms of elevated myocardial markers (serum CK-MB, cTnI levels), inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) in the serum, and oxidative stress markers (increased MDA levels and decreased reduced glutathione) in heart tissue homogenate following 24 hours of ligati on and puncture. Further, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed considerable histological alterations in the myocardial tissue of sepsis-developed mice. Interestingly, fetuin-A pretreatment (50 and 100 mg/kg) for four days before the CLP procedure significantly improved the myocardial injury and was evaluated in perspective of a reduction in the CK-MB, cTnI levels, IL-6, and TNF-α in sepsis-developed animals. Fetuin-A pretreatment significantly attenuated the oxidative stress and improved the myocardial morphology in a dose-dependent manner. The present study provides preliminary evidence that fetuin-A exerts protection against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction in vivo via suppression of inflammation and oxidative damage. View on Web

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Cardia and non‐cardia gastric cancer risk associated with Helicobacter pylori in East Asia and the West: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cardia and non‐cardia gastric cancer risk associated with Helicobacter pylori in East Asia and the West: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction via Helicobacter Abstract Objectives To assess the region-specific relative risk of cardia/non-cardia gastric cancer (CGC/NCGC) associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and quantify its contribution to gastric cancer burden using population attributable fraction (PAF). Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases were searched by two reviewers until April 20, 2022. The association between H. pylori infection and NCGC/CGC was assessed using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). PAF was calculated using the formula of H. pylori prevalence and the pooled OR. Results One hundred and eight studies were included. A significant association was observed between H. pylori infection and NCGC in East Asia (OR, 4.36; 95% CI: 3.54–5.37) and the West (OR, 4.03; 95% CI: 2.59–6.27). Regarding CGC, a significant association was found only in East Asia (OR, 2.86; 95% CI: 2.26–3.63), not in the West (OR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.61–1.05). For studies with a follow-up time of ≥10 years, pooled ORs for NCGC and CGC in East Asia were 5.58 (95% CI: 4.08–7.64) and 3.86 (95% CI: 2.69–5.55), respectively. Pooled OR for NCGC was 6.80 (95% CI: 3.78–12.25) in the West. PAFs showed that H. pylori infection accounted for 71.2% of NCGC, 60.7% of CGC in East Asia, and 73.2% of NCGC in the West. Conclusions Gastric cancer burden associated with H. pylori infection exhibits important geographical differences. Prolonged follow-up period could overcome the underestimation of the magnitude of the association between H. pylori infection and CGC/NCGC. Customized strategies for H. pylori screening and eradication should be implemented to prevent gastric cancer. View on Web

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