Risk communication and community preparedness in the context of biotechnological hazards: A case of NBAF

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Risk communication and community preparedness in the context of biotechnological hazards: A case of NBAF via Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology Abstract Applying the Protection Motivation Theory, this study examines factors affecting community preparedness in the context of biotechnological hazards. In particular, residents living nearby the National Bio and Agro-Defence Facility (NBAF), a biosafety level-4 facility currently under construction, were surveyed. The survey assessed residents' perceptions of key risk communication elements, transparency, consistency, and source, as well as risk perception, knowledge, collective efficacy, involvement, civic engagement behaviours, and preparedness perceptions. Results indicate that sources such as local organisations and mass media, as opposed to social media and word-of-mouth, are more reliable and lead to increased knowledge. The structural model suggests that transparent and consistent risk communication leads to community preparedness through knowledge, involvement, risk perception, and collective efficacy. Theoretical implications for the Protection Motivation Theory and practical implications for risk communication regarding biotechnological hazards are discussed. View on Web

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Switching certolizumab pegol from a prefilled syringe or autoinjection pen to an AVA® e‐Device in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis patients

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Six months multicentre pilot open label single‐arm study to evaluate patient experience, acceptability and satisfaction of switching certolizumab pegol from a prefilled syringe or autoinjection pen to an AVA® e‐Device in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis patients via Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics AVA® is a new electromechanical injection device for self-injecting certolizumab pegol (CZP). Thirty four patients were included (28 women) RA 11, PsA 10 and axial axSpA 13. Patients reported >90% adherence assessed with AVA® injection log and the full dose of CZP was injected on all patients with AVA® device. No safety findings related to AVA® CZP administration were identified. AVA® device is an advantageous delivery option for CZP. This study provides further evidence to support that AVA® device is a valid method for switching CZP from syringe or pen with highly preference in patients with RA, PsA and axSpa. Abstract What Is Known and Objective The study aimed to assess acceptability and patient experience of Certolizumab (CZP) self-injection with AVA® and clarify patient device preference after switching CZP from the syringe or auto-injection pen to AVA® in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients. Method A multicentre open-label, cross-sectional and prospective study among four Spanish hospitals was performed. Adult RA, PsA, axSpA patients treated for at least 6 months with the CZP syringe or pen were recruited. At the first visit, patients completed Pre-AVA® questionnaire. Patients were instructed on proper administration of CZP by AVA®. After 2 and 6 months of CZP self-injections using the AVA®, patient experience, adherence, preference and safety of each administration was assessed using post-AVA® questionnaire. Results and Discussion Thirty four patients were included (28 women). All patients self-administered CZP AVA® the full dose of CZP was injected. Patients reported >90% adherence to CZP AVA® assessed with the injection log. Pain at the injection site was reduced after switching to AVA®. Twenty nine patients preferred CZP AVA® and five patients preferred the CZP pen. No safety-related findings related to AVA® CZP administration were identified. What Is New and Conclusion The AVA® is an advantageous delivery option for CZP in patients with RA, PsA, axSpA. View on Web

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Trotabresib, an oral potent bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitor, in patients with high-grade gliomas: a phase I, “windowofopportunity” study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Trotabresib, an oral potent bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitor, in patients with high-grade gliomas: a phase I, "windowofopportunity" study via Neuro-Oncology Advance Access Abstract Background The bromodomain and extraterminal protein (BET) inhibitor trotabresib has demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors, including high-grade gliomas. CC-90010-GBM-001 (NCT04047303) is a phase I study investigating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and CNS penetration of trotabresib in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas scheduled for salvage resection. Methods Patients received trotabresib 30 mg/day on days 1–4 before surgery, followed by maintenance trotabresib 45 mg/day 4 days on/24 days off after surgery. Primary endpoints were plasma pharmacokinetics and trotabresib concentrations in resected tissue. Secondary and exploratory endpoints included safety, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity. Results Twenty patients received preoperative trotabresib and underwent resection with no delays or cancellations of surgery; 16 patients received maintenance trot abresib after recovery from surgery. Trotabresib plasma pharmacokinetics were consistent with previous data. Mean trotabresib brain tumor tissue:plasma ratio was 0.84 (estimated unbound partition coefficient [KPUU] 0.37), and modulation of pharmacodynamic markers was observed in blood and brain tumor tissue. Trotabresib was well tolerated; the most frequent grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse event during maintenance treatment was thrombocytopenia (5/16 patients). Sixmonth progression-free survival was 12%. Two patients remain on treatment with stable disease at cycles 25 and 30. Conclusions Trotabresib penetrates the blood–brain-tumor barrier in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma and demonstrates target engagement in resected tumor tissue. Plasma pharmacokinetics, blood pharmacodynamics, and safety were comparable with previous results for trotabresib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Investigation of adjuvant trotabresib + temozolomide and concom itant trotabresib + temozolomide + radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma is ongoing (NCT04324840). View on Web

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Perceived legitimacy can moderate the effect of proscriptive vs. prescriptive injunctions on intentions to comply with UK government COVID‐19 guidelines and reactance

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Perceived legitimacy can moderate the effect of proscriptive vs. prescriptive injunctions on intentions to comply with UK government COVID‐19 guidelines and reactance via Journal of Applied Social Psychology Abstract Proscriptive injunctions (i.e., telling people what they should not do) have been found in research to elicit greater perceptions of a threat to freedom, and greater reactance (anger, irritation and annoyance), than prescriptive injunctions (i.e., telling people what they should do), across several health and social behaviours. The current research investigated the effects of Injunction Type (proscriptive vs. prescriptive) and perceived legitimacy of the injunction, on intentions to comply with UK government behavioural guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic, and on reactance. In two online experimental studies (Study 1: N = 142; Study 2: N = 307), UK participants were presented with information about UK government COVID-19 guidelines that included either a proscriptive injunction or prescriptive injunction and reported their perceptions of the legitimacy of the injunction, their intentions to comply with government guidelines, a nd their reactance. In both Study 1 and Study 2, the effect of Injunction Type on intentions to comply and reactance was moderated by perceived legitimacy. In both studies, when perceived legitimacy was low, participants exposed to the proscriptive injunction indicated lower intentions to comply with UK government COVID 19 guidelines than did participants exposed to the prescriptive injunction, The findings imply that using a prescriptive injunction frame can elicit greater intentions to comply than using a proscriptive injunction frame when people perceive the injunction to be unreasonable. The results are discussed in relation to the role of legitimacy in determining the effectiveness of different types of injunctions on compliance with rules and guidelines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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International variations in carcinoma and melanoma incidence in children and adolescents

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader International variations in carcinoma and melanoma incidence in children and adolescents via Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - current issue In order to compare the subtype distribution of carcinoma and melanoma in children and adolescents between Japan and other countries, we extracted information on cancer incidence in children and adolescents from the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer series (IICC-3) (1). The IICC-3 reports the number or incidence rates of cancers diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, from cancer registries (regional or national) worldwide. We analysed carcinoma and melanoma incidence in four countries in Asia (Japan, China, the Republic of Korea and Thailand), two countries in Africa (Egypt and Uganda), four countries in the Americas (North: The United States of America and Canada, Latin and Caribbean: Brazil and Colombia), three countries in Europe (the United Kingdom [UK], France and Germany) and two countries in Oceania (Australia and New Z ealand). Information from the Republic of Korea, USA, UK, Australia and New Zealand was obtained at the national level, and that from the other countries was extracted from one or multiple regional cancer registries. The years of incidence included in the analyses varied from country to country, ranging from 1990 to 2014, with the shortest being 12 years (Egypt: 1999–2010, UK: 2000–2011) and the longest being 24 years (Japan and China: both 1990–2013). In this study, we compared the incidence and proportional distribution of carcinoma and melanoma subtypes in children (0–14 years old) and adolescents (15–19 years old) between these countries. View on Web

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25‐Hydroxycholesterol induces odontoclastic differentiation through RANK–RANKL upregulation and NF‐κB activation in odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells: An in vitro study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader 25‐Hydroxycholesterol induces odontoclastic differentiation through RANK–RANKL upregulation and NF‐κB activation in odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells: An in vitro study via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Aim The physiological effects and cellular mechanism of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), which is an oxysterol synthesized from cholesterol by cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) expressed under inflammatory conditions, are still largely unknown during odontoclastogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate a 25-HC-induced odontoclastogenesis and its cellular mechanisms in odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Methodology To investigate 25-HC-induced odontoclastogenesis of MDPC-23 cells and its cellular mechanism, haemotoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, dentine resorption assay, zymography, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, immunocytochemistry, and nuclear translocation were performed. The experimental values are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were compared using analysis of variance, followed by post-hoc multiple comparison (Tukey's test) using SPSS software version 22 (IBM Corp.). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Lipopolysaccharide or receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) induced the synthesis of 25-HC via the expression of CH25H in MDPC-23 cells (p<0.01). Multinucleated giant cells with morphological characteristics and TRAP activity of the odontoclast were increased by 25-HC in MDPC-23 cells (p<0.01). Moreover, 25-HC increased dentine resorption through the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases in MDPC-23 cells. It not only increased the expression of odontoclastogenic biomarkers but also translocated cytosolic nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus in MDPC-23 cells. Additionally, 25-HC not only increased the production of ROS (p<0.01), expression of inflammatory mediators (p<0.01), pro-inflammatory cytokines, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), and RANKL but also suppressed the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in MDPC-23 cells. In contrast, CDDO-Me, a chemical NF-κB inhibitor, decreased TRAP activity (p<0.01) and downregulated the expression of the odontoclastogenic biomarkers, including RANK and RANKL, in MDPC-23 cells. Conclusion 25-HC induced odontoclastogenesis by modulating the RANK–RANKL–OPG axis via NF-κB activation in MDPC-23 cells. Therefore, these findings provide that 25-HC derived from cholesterol metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiological etiological factors of internal tooth resorption. View on Web

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In-utero Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Cohort Study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader In-utero Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Cohort Study via Epidemiology - Published Ahead-of-Print Background: Evidence on the effects of in utero exposure to maternal diabetes on cerebral palsy in offspring is limited. We aimed to examine the effects of pre-gestational (PGDM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) separately on CP risk and the mediating role of increased fetal size. Methods: In a population-based study, we included all live births in Ontario, Canada, between 2002–2017 followed up through 2018 (n=2,110,177). Using administrative health data, we estimated crude and adjusted associations between PGDM or GDM and CP using Cox proportional hazards models to account for unequal follow-up in children. For the mediation analysis, we used marginal structural models to estimate the controlled direct effect of PGDM (and GDM) on the risk of CP not mediated by large-for-gestational age (LGA). Results: During the study period, 5,317 children were diagnosed with CP (187 exposed to PGDM and 171 exposed to GDM). Children of mothers with PGDM showed an increased risk {hazard ratio [HR]: 1.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59, 2.14]} after adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and clinical factors. We found no associations between GDM and CP (adjusted HR: 0.91 (0.77, 1.06)). Our mediation analysis estimated that LGA explained 14% of the PDGM–CP association. Conclusions: In this population-based birth cohort study, maternal pre-gestational diabetes was associated with increased risk of CP, and the increased risk was not substantially mediated by the increased fetal size. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. View on Web

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