Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for degenerative temporomandibular joint disease

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for degenerative temporomandibular joint disease via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an important type of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) potentially leading to orofacial pain and jaw dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important in TMD diagnosis; however, its diagnostic ability for DJD remains unknown. Objective To explore the utility of MRI in diagnosing DJD according to the latest diagnostic criteria for TMD and detecting condylar bone abnormalities and their severity. Methods Overall, 122 participants were examined using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and MRI. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI for detecting DJD and different types of TMJ condylar bone abnormalities were calculated (considering CBCT as gold standard); in addition, we tested MRI and CBCT's consistency in scoring five types of condylar bone abnormalities. Results The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for DJD were 95.3% and 43.1%, respectively.The MRI sensitivities for condylar flattening, erosion, osteophytes, sclerosis, and cysts were 98.6%, 96.2%, 79.4%, 50%, and 79.2% (specificity, 53.6%, 48.3%, 81.6%, 83.3%, and 88.2%, respectively), respectively. The consistency between MRI and CBCT in assessing the severity of condylar bone abnormalities was fair-to-moderate (kappa coefficient: 0.278-0.491). The inter-observer consistency for CBCT was good, whereas for MRI it was relatively poor. Conclusion MRI can detect DJD and condylar bone abnormalities. However, MRI could not efficiently detect the severity of condylar bone abnormalities. View on Web

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Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for HIV Treatment: Broad in Theory, Narrow in Reality

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies for HIV Treatment: Broad in Theory, Narrow in Reality via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract In this viewpoint we briefly review the status of antiretroviral therapy, its unmet needs, and the role that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) might have in the near future for the treatment of HIV. We summarize advances in the development of bNAbs as antiretroviral therapy, the results of main clinical trials of bNAbs for HIV treatment and prevention, and its role in cure trials. The limitations of broadly neutralizing antibodies are the current need for primary re sistance testing, the still unclear number of antibodies that must be combined, the lack of penetration in anatomical reservoirs and the role they might play in cure studies. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of "classical ART" and therapy based on broadly neutralizing antibodies. We conclude that broadly neutralizing antibodies still need considerable improvements before they can be considered an alternative to "classical ART". View on Web

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Hit and Run oncogeneses in Head and Neck Cancers requires greater investigation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Hit and Run oncogeneses in Head and Neck Cancers requires greater investigation via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Head and neck cancers are unique in so far that 2 major oncogenic viruses, EBV and HPV infect adjacent anatomy and cause nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancers respectively. Dominant recognised carcinogens are alcohol and tobacco but some head and neck cancers have been found to have mixed carcinogens (including betel leaf, areca nuts, slaked lime, viruses, etc) involved in their oncogenesis and conversely, groups of patients with unknown or less dominant carcinogens involved in their development. These cancers may have had viral involvement in the past but then lost most of their viral nucleic acids (be they DNA and/or RNA) below a detection threshold, thus rendering them virus-negative. Some of these virus-negative tumours appear to have mutagenic signatures associated with virus-positive cancers i.e. from the APOBEC defence mechanism which is known to mutate viral nucleic acids as well as cause collateral damage to host DNA, with subsequent development of strongly viral prejudiced mutational signatures. These mechanisms are likely to be less efficient at oncogenesis than traditional direct EBV and HPV oncogenes driving mutagenesis, thus accounting for the smaller frequencies of these cancers found. More profound investigations of these unusual tumours are warranted to dissect out these mechanistic pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Subgingival host‐microbiome metatranscriptomic changes following scaling and root planning in Grade II/III Periodontitis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Subgingival host‐microbiome metatranscriptomic changes following scaling and root planning in Grade II/III Periodontitis via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aims To assess the effects of scaling and root planning (SRP) on the dynamics of gene expression by the host and the microbiome in subgingival plaque samples. Methods Fourteen periodontitis patients were closely monitored in the absence of periodontal treatment for 12 months. During this period, comprehensive periodontal examination and subgingival biofilm sample collection were performed bi-monthly. After 12 months, clinical attachment level (CAL) data was compiled and analyzed using linear mixed models (LMM) fitted to longitudinal CAL measurements for each tooth site. LMM classified sites as stable (S), progressing (P), or fluctuating (F). After 12 month visit, subjects received SRP and at 15 months they received comprehensive examination and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Those procedures were repeated at the 18 month visit, when patients were also sampled. Each patient contributed with one S, one P and one F site collected at 12 and 18 month visits. Samples were analyzed using Dual RNA-Sequencing to capture host and bacterial transcriptomes simultaneously. Results Microbiome and host response behavior were specific to the site's progression classification (i.e., S, P or F). Microbial profiles of pre and post-treatment samples exhibited specific microbiome changes, with progressing sites showing the most significant changes. Among them, P. gingivalis was reduced after treatment, while F. nucleatum showed an increase in proportion. Transcriptome analysis of the host response showed that IL-17, TNF signaling pathways, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NETs) formation were the primary immune response activities impacted by periodontal treatment. Conclusion Scaling and root planing resulted in a significant "rewiring" of host and microbial activities in the progressing sites, while in stable and fluctuating sites, the restructuring of the microbiome was minor. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Influence of genetic polymorphisms on mechanical pain sensitivity and endogenous pain modulation of trigeminal and spinal areas

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Influence of genetic polymorphisms on mechanical pain sensitivity and endogenous pain modulation of trigeminal and spinal areas via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Previous evidence indicates significant association between genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes related to pain sensitivity in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Despite the important advances in cataloging diverse factors such as sleep disorders, anxiety and depression, the interrelated mechanisms of painful TMD etiopathogenesis still need investigation. Objectives This case-control study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms (rs6296, rs6295, rs1799971, rs4680, rs4633, rs4818) and psychosocial factors on the mechanical pain sensitivity and endogenous pain modulation in women with painful TMD and asymptomatic controls. Methods We evaluated six independent variables: anxiety levels, depression, stress, sleep quality, pain catastrophizing and genetic polymorphisms, and four dependent variables: mechanical pain threshold (MPT), pressure pain threshold (PPT), wind-up ratio (WUR) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) collected at masseter (trigeminal) and hand (spinal) areas in a sample of 95 painful TMD patients and 85 controls. A regression model was used to test the possible effect of the independent variables on dependent variables. Results The regression model was significant for MPT (F11,168 = 9.772; R2=0.390). Painful TMD diagnoses and sleep quality were associated with trigeminal MPT (B coefficient = -0.499; and B coefficient = -0.211, respectively). WUR was associated with rs6295 and rs6746030 for, respectively, the spinal and trigeminal area. Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms had a slight contribution to endogenous pain modulation as indicated by the significant association with WUR but did not contribute to mechanical pain sensitivity. On the other hand, the presence of painful TMD and the sleep quality contributed significantly to mechanical pain sensitivity. View on Web

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Second‐degree burn induced by high‐concentration topical capsaicin with mobility sequelae: a case report

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Second‐degree burn induced by high‐concentration topical capsaicin with mobility sequelae: a case report via Pain Practice Abstract High-concentration topical capsaicin is used as a second line treatment for neuropathic pain. Transient, mild burning sensation and erythema are expected adverse drug reactions. Here, we report the first case of second degree burn after the application of a high-concentration topical capsaicin patch with secondary mobility sequelae. Nine months after the application, neuropathic pain still remained and the patient described mobility difficulties in daily activities, preventing her from returning to work. This report aims to raise the question of the benefit/risk ratio of high concentration topical capsaicin. View on Web

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Tone in Noise Detection in Children with a History of Temporary Conductive Hearing Loss

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Tone in Noise Detection in Children with a History of Temporary Conductive Hearing Loss via JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology via MedWorm.com AbstractChildren with a history of temporary conductive hearing loss (CHL) during early development may show long-term impairments in auditory processes that persist after restoration of normal audiometric hearing thresholds. Tones in noise provide a simplified paradigm for studying hearing in noise. Prior research has shown that adults with sensorineural hearing loss may alter their listening strategy to use single-channel energy cues for tone-in-noise (TIN) detection rather than rove-resistant envelope or spectral profile cues. Our objective was to determine the effect of early CHL on TIN detection in healthy children compared to controls. Children ages 4 –7 years, with and without a history of CHL due to otitis media with effusion (OME) before age 3 years, participated in a two-alte... View on Web

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