Construction of an Anthropomorphic Phantom for Use in Evaluating Pediatric Airway Digital Tomosynthesis Protocols

Interpretation of radiolucent foreign bodies (FBs) is a common task charged to pediatric radiologists. The use of a motion compensated technique to decrease breathing motion on images would greatly decrease overall exposure to ionizing radiation and increase access to treatment yielding a great impact on clinical care. This study reports on the methodology and materials used to construct an in-house anthropomorphic phantom for investigating image quality in digital tomosynthesis protocols for volumetric imaging of the pediatric airway. Availability and cost of possible substitute materials were considered and simplifying assumptions were made. Two different modular phantoms were assembled in coronal slab layers using materials designed to approximate a one- and three-year-old thorax at diagnostic photon energies for use with digital tomosynthesis protocols such as those offered on GE's VolumeRAD application. Exposures were made using both phantoms with inserted food particles inside an oscillating airway. The goal of the phantom is to help evaluate (1) whether the currently used protocol is sufficient to image the airway despite breathing motion and (2) whether it is not, to find the optimal protocol by testing various commercially available protocols using this phantom. The affordable construction of the pediatric sized phantom aimed at optimizing GE's VolumeRAD protocol for airway foreign body imaging is demonstrated in this study which can be used to test VolumeRAD's ability to image the airways with and without a low-density foreign body within the airways.

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Giant dentinogenic ghost cell tumor: a case report

Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) is a rare, aggressive and benign odontogenic tumor that causes bone destruction and cortical expansion. We report a case of DGCT in a 38-years-old male, presenting an enormous extra-oral protrusion, that radiographically was predominantly radiolucent with radiopaque areas. Microscopically, it was observed a solid ameloblastomatous proliferation with pseudoglandular structures associated with clusters of ghost cells. Abundant dentinoid material adjacent to the epithelial sheets containing entrapped epithelial tumor cells were also evident.

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Response to letter to editor regarding CFOJ study

Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the Letter To The Editor (LTE) regarding our recently published study of CFOJ. We offer the following observations. As a general comment we wish to assure the readers that we are not attempting "to resurrect an orofacial pain concept that has come and gone several times in the past 30-40 years." Rather we are presenting the clinicopathogic findings of 331 new cases of a specific condition which appears to respond to a specific therapy in a significant percentage of patients.

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Oral cancer early detection: what will it take?

The estimated annual incidence of oral cavity and pharynx cancer in men (37,160) and in women (14,380) in the United States (U.S.) has, in 2018, surpassed the number of new cases of cervical cancer in women (13,240).1 Many of these new oral and pharyngeal cancer cases are occurring in younger adults. Eleven million U.S. men and 3.2 million U.S. women now harbor human papilloma virus (HPV) in the oral cavity.2 With dramatically increasing numbers of new oral and pharyngeal cancers in the U.S., driven in part by the HPV infection epidemic, what will it take to turn this tide?

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Preoperative radiotherapy and local excision of rectal cancer: Long-term results of a randomised study

It is uncertain whether local control is acceptable after preoperative radiotherapy and local excision (LE). An optimal preoperative dose/fractionation schedule has not yet been established.

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Dose-response in choroidal melanoma

In choroidal melanoma the radiation threshold dose for local control remains largely unknown. The present study examined a group of patients that received a wide range of minimum tumor dose in order to investigate a dose-response relationship. A literature review is performed to compare our results with available evidence in brachytherapy and charged particle external beam radiotherapy.

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Subacute Infarct Volume With Edema Correction in Computed Tomography Is Equivalent to Final Infarct Volume After Ischemic Stroke: Improving the Comparability of Infarct Imaging Endpoints in Clinical Trials

Objectives Final infarct volume is regularly used as an end point of tissue outcome in stroke trials; however, the reported volumes are most commonly derived from early follow-up imaging. Those volumes are significantly impaired by ischemic edema, which causes an overestimation of the true final lesion volume. As net water uptake within ischemic brain can be quantified densitometrically in computed tomography (CT) as recently described, we hypothesized that the final lesion volume can be better estimated by correcting the lesion volume in early follow-up for the corresponding proportion of edema. Materials and Methods After retrospective consecutive screening of the local registry, 20 patients with acute middle cerebral artery large vessel occlusion met the inclusion criteria with early and late follow-up CT; the latter acquired at least 4 weeks after admission. In early follow-up imaging 24 hours after onset, the proportion of edema contributing to the infarct lesion was calculated by quantifying the total volume of ischemic net water uptake. Edema volume was then subtracted from the total lesion volume to obtain edema-corrected lesion volumes. Finally, these corrected lesion volumes were compared with the final lesion volume on late follow-up serving as ground truth. Results The median lesion volume in the early follow-up was 115.1 mL (range, 21.9–539.9 mL) and significantly exceeded the median final lesion volume in the late follow-up CT, which was 86.6 mL (range, 11.2–399.0 mL; p

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