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Maryland law firm, FBI seeking people who were prescribed Subsys
WBAL Baltimore Insys Therapeutics's product, Subsys, is a powerful fentanyl-spray that's applied under the tongue to treat patients with breakthrough cancer pain. The company is now at the center of a federal indictment after top former employees were arrested by the ... |
Airborne carbonyls were characterized from emitted indoor coal combustion. Samples were collected in Xuanwei (Yunnan Province), a region in China with a high rate of lung cancer. Eleven of 19 types of samples (58%) demonstrated formaldehyde concentrations higher than the World Health Organization exposure limit (a 30-min average of 100 μg m−3). Different positive significant correlations between glyoxal/methylglyoxal and formaldehyde/acetaldehyde concentrations were observed, suggesting possible different characteristics in emissions between two pairs of carbonyl compounds. A sample in the highest inhalation risk shows 29.2 times higher risk than the lowest sample, suggesting different coal sampling locations could contribute to the variation of inhalation risk. Inhabitants in Xuanwei also tend to spend more time cooking and more days per year indoors than the national average. The calculated cancer risk ranged from 2.2–63 × 10−5, which shows 13 types of samples at high-risk level. Cumulative effect in combination with different carbonyls could have contributed to the additive actual inhalation cancer risk. There is a need to explicitly address the health effects of environmentally relevant doses, considering life-long exposure in indoor dwellings.
As the most important fishery medicines, sulfonamides are widely used to prevent diseases caused by pathogens in aquaculture. However, relatively little is known about the residues and dietary risks associated with cultured fish around Tai Lake. In the present study, a sampling strategy for a complete aquaculture period was conducted. Specifically, 12 selected sulfonamide antibiotics were measured among 116 fish samples recruited from four sampling periods, four species, four areas, and 18 fish ponds. All 12 antibiotics were detected at detection frequencies of 4.31–28.45%. Total sulfonamides were detected in 77.59% of the fish samples, with 57.76% of fish samples containing from 0.1 to 10 μg kg−1. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfamethazine (SDD), and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) were the main types of antibiotics used, and these were present at high concentrations (>100 μg kg−1) with high occurrences, especially in the middle of the aquaculture season. Dietary assessment showed that residual antibiotics in all fish that were being sent to market were far below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of total sulfonamides and that there was almost no risk associated with fish consumption. The results of the present study will facilitate development of effective measures to produce safe aquatic products and meaningful suggestions for consuming aquatic products.
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease, which might influence susceptibility of the kidney to arsenic toxicity. However, relative report is limited. In this study, we compared the influence of inorganic arsenic (iAs) on renal oxidative damage and urinary metabolic profiles of normal and diabetic mice. Results showed that iAs exposure increased renal lipid peroxidation in diabetic mice and oxidative DNA damage in normal mice, meaning different effects of iAs exposure on normal and diabetic individuals. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolome analyses found that diabetes significantly changed urinary metabolic profiles of mice. Oxidative stress-related metabolites, such as arginine, glutamine, methionine, and β-hydroxybutyrate, were found to be changed in diabetic mice. The iAs exposure altered amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism in normal and diabetic mice, but had higher influence on metabolic profiles of diabetic mice than normal mice, especially for oxidative stress-related metabolites and metabolisms. Above results indicate that diabetes increased susceptibility to iAs exposure. This study provides basic information on differential toxicity of iAs on renal toxicity and urinary metabolic profiles in normal and diabetic mice and suggests that diabetic individuals should be considered as susceptible population in toxicity assessment of arsenic.
The signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors play important roles in modulating immune responses. Previous studies in murine models and patients have suggested an association of the SLAM family (SLAMF) members with the development of autoimmunity, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Since previous investigations on CD244 expression have focussed on NK and T cells, the aim of this study was to evaluate the surface expression of major SLAMF members across monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells in an Asian SLE cohort and explore their potential associations with SLE-related disease activity and autoantibodies. Thirty-nine SLE patients and twenty-nine healthy controls (HC) were evaluated for the expression of CD150, CD84, CD229, CD48, CD244, CD352 and CD319. We determined a significantly lower expression of CD244 on monocytes in SLE patients compared to HC. Furthermore, monocyte CD244 expression was negatively associated with several serum autoantibody titres. Our findings suggest that this molecule plays an important role in immune tolerance mechanisms and should be investigated further.
In a large clinical registry for the province of Manitoba, Canada, FRAX predicted incident MOF and hip fracture from 1 to 15 years following baseline assessment. A simple linear rescaling of FRAX outputs seems useful for predicting both short- and long-term fracture risk in this population.
FRAX® estimates 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture. We examined FRAX predictions over intervals shorter and longer than 10 years.
Using a population-based clinical registry for Manitoba, Canada, we identified 62,275 women and 6455 men 40 years and older with baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and FRAX scores. Incident MOF and hip fracture were assessed up to 15 years from population-based data. We assessed agreement between estimated fracture probability from 1 to 15 years using linearly rescaled FRAX scores and observed cumulative fracture probability. The gradient of risk for FRAX probability and incident fracture was examined overall and for 5-year intervals.
FRAX predicted incident MOF and hip fracture for all time intervals. There was no attenuation in the gradient of risk for MOF even for years >10. Gradient of risk was slightly lower for hip fracture prediction in years >10 vs years <5, though HRs remained high. Linear agreement was seen in the relationships between observed vs predicted (rescaled) FRAX probabilities (R 2 0.95–1.00). Among women, there was near-perfect linearity in MOF predictions. Deviations from linearity, with a slightly higher observed than predicted MOF probability, were most evident in the first years following a fracture event and after 10 years for hip fracture prediction in women using FRAX with BMD. Simulations showed that results were robust to large differences in fracture rates and moderate differences in mortality rates.
FRAX predicts incident MOF and hip fracture up to 15 years and could be adapted to predict fracture over time periods shorter and longer term than 10 years in populations with fracture and mortality epidemiology similar to Canada.
