ACOX2 deficiency in primary malignant cardiac tumors [Biological Sciences]

ACOX2 (acyl-CoA oxidase 2) is a peroxisomal enzyme that plays a key role in the metabolism of bile acid intermediates and the oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. A recent PNAS paper by Vilarinho et al. (1) on ACOX2 deficiency in an 8-y-old male with elevated transaminase levels identifies a homozygous...

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Variable mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic in Chicago [Biological Sciences]

In their study of influenza mortality in Chicago in 1918, Grantz et al. (1) conclude that pandemic-related mortality was related to “neighborhood level social factors” (e.g., illiteracy, homeownership, unemployment). Because “social factors” do not directly cause influenza illness or mortality, they must be surrogates for other factors. Other studies of...

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Reply to Shanks and Brundage: Many plausible mechanisms of pandemic mortality disparities [Biological Sciences]

In our recently published paper (1), we find evidence that several metrics of socioeconomic status were associated with influenza and pneumonia mortality during the 1918 pandemic. We agree with Shanks and Brundage (2) that there are many possible causal mechanisms behind this association and appreciate the hypotheses that they add...

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Correction for Naviaux et al., Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome [Correction]

MEDICAL SCIENCES Correction for “Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome,” by Robert K. Naviaux, Jane C. Naviaux, Kefeng Li, A. Taylor Bright, William A. Alaynick, Lin Wang, Asha Baxter, Neil Nathan, Wayne Anderson, and Eric Gordon, which appeared in issue 37, September 13, 2016, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA...

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Correction for Mann, Core Concept: Unraveling the enigma of fast radio bursts [Correction]

CORE CONCEPTS Correction for “Core Concept: Unraveling the enigma of fast radio bursts,” by Adam Mann, which appeared in issue 13, March 28, 2017, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (114:3269–3271; 10.1073/pnas.1703512114). Victoria Kaspi was incorrectly identified as the principal investigator of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment. Kaspi should...

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Ctf4-related protein recruits LHP1-PRC2 to maintain H3K27me3 levels in dividing cells in Arabidopsis thaliana [Plant Biology]

Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC) 2 catalyzes the H3K27me3 modification that warrants inheritance of a repressive chromatin structure during cell division, thereby assuring stable target gene repression in differentiated cells. It is still under investigation how H3K27me3 is passed on from maternal to filial strands during DNA replication; however, cell division...

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Zeaxanthin-dependent nonphotochemical quenching does not occur in photosystem I in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana [Plant Biology]

Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the process that protects the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae from photodamage by dissipating as heat the energy absorbed in excess. Studies on NPQ have almost exclusively focused on photosystem II (PSII), as it was believed that NPQ does not occur in photosystem I (PSI)....

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