Beneficial effects of yogasanas and pranayama in limiting the cognitive decline in Type 2 diabetes

2016-09-24T09-13-59Z
Source: National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology
Rajani Santhakumari Nagothu, Archana Rajagopalan, Yogananda Reddy Indla, Rajesh Paluru.
Background: Out of many complications that were observed in Type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment is the most neglected. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to assess the cognitive decline in Type 2 diabetes and to observe the role of yogasanas and pranayama in ameliorating the cognitive decline. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 Type 2 diabetic patients were recruited in the study, 34 of them did specific yogasanas and pranayama (test group) for 6 months, and the remaining age- and sex-matched 34 patients were recruited as (control group) who were not on any specific exercise regimen. Glycemic index was estimated by measuring the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration with Bio-Rad apparatus and cognition were assessed using Addenbrookes cognitive examination-revised (ACE-R), which is a neuropsychological battery. Data were analyzed with unpaired student t-test. P

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Role of adenosine deaminase in diagnosis of exudative type of pleural effusion

2016-09-24T09-03-52Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
R S Pushpa Kumari, B L Narsimha Reddy, V A Vipula.
Background: The diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion remains a common clinical challenge. At least 50% of cases of tubercular pleural effusion present as primary disease without involvement of other organs. Objectives: Estimation and comparison of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) levels in exudative pleural effusions with special reference to tubercular aetiology. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients of pleural effusions of various aetiologies formed the sample of the study. Pleural fluid analysis was done and clinical profile of each patient was taken. Total patients were divided into 6 groups consists of Tubercular pleural effusion (39), parapneumonic effusion (10), emphyema (5), malignant pleural effusion (3), pancreatic pleural effusion (2) and amoebic pleural effusion (1). Results: Incidence of tubercular pleural effusion is 65% followed by parapneumonic effusions 16.6%. Males (68.3%) are more prone to incidence of tubercular pleural effusion. Conclusion: Pleural fluid Adenosine deaminase (ADA levels are highly sensitive for tuberculous pleural effusions. ADA is diagnostic even in HIV positive patients with tubercular pleural effusion. ADA levels easily differentiate tuberculous pleural effusion from parapneumonic, malignant, pancreatic, and amoebic pleural effusions.


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Patterns of spirometry in asthmatic patients presenting with respiratory symptoms

2016-09-24T09-03-52Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Tarig H Merghani.
Background: Asthmatic patients typically show obstructive patterns on spirometry with positive bronchodilator responses; however, other spirometric patterns were also reported. Objective: to determine patterns of spirometry among asthmatic patients who attend the outpatient clinic with respiratory symptoms. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 known asthmatic patients (59% females) who attended the outpatient clinic with respiratory complaints. A portable spirometer (All flow, Clement Clarke International, Harlow, UK) was used for lung function measurements. Measurements and reversibility tests were performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) Guidelines for spirometry measurements. Result: Normal spirometric pattern was found in only 21% of all participants, obstructive in 12%, mixed in 32%, and restrictive in 36%. The patterns had no relation with the gender or the body mass index of the participants. The majority had low FEF25 (88%), low FEF50 (83%), and low FEF25-75% (82%) indicating inflammation within the middle and small airways. Nearly half of those who showed positive FVC reversibility tests had a restrictive pattern on presentation (p

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance among health care professionals in a tertiary care hospital: a cross sectional study

2016-09-24T01-26-55Z
Source: International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Vinoth Kalaichelvan, Meenakshi Balasubramanian, Ezhil J. Ramya.
Background: Spontaneous reporting of Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) has played an important role in the detection of serious, unsuspected, and unusual ADRs previously not detected during the clinical trials. However, underreporting remains a major obstacle in the implementation of pharmacovigilance program. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) related to pharmacovigilance among the health-care professionals (HCPs) in Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tamilnadu. Methods: To assess KAPs of Health care professionals toward pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting; a predesigned, structured, 12 item questionnaire was used. Results: A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed among the HCPs including Postgraduate, Interns and Staff nurses. 72.7% postgraduates, 54.29% interns and 52.63% of staff nurses were aware regarding the existence of a National Pharmacovigilance Program of India. 72.7% postgraduates, 65.71% interns and 52.63% staff nurses felt that ADR reporting is a professional obligation for them .Only 37.14% interns, 15.79% staff nurses and 11.4% postgraduates have been trained for reporting adverse reactions. Although all staff nurses (100%) followed by 79.50% postgraduates and 48.57% interns experienced ADR in their practice, only 31.58% staff nurses, 20.50% postgraduates and 11.43% interns have ever reported ADR to pharmacovigilance centre. Conclusions: The deficiencies in knowledge and attitude require urgent attention not only to improve the rate of spontaneous reporting, but also for enhanced safety of the patients. Pharmacovigilance should be included in the nursing curriculum and workshops should be conducted for the undergraduate and postgraduate medical students regularly.


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Corticosteroids used in dermatology: its utilisation and cost analysis study

2016-09-24T01-26-55Z
Source: International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Vijaykumar Lakshman Lamani, Aruna Bhushan.
Background: Drug utilization studies are powerful exploratory tools to ascertain the role of drugs in the society; they create a sound socio-medical and health economics basis for making health care decision. The study focuses on factors related to prescribing, dispensing and administration of medication. The objective was to study prescribing pattern, duration of treatment and rationality of corticosteroids used in dermatology department and to evaluate the cost analysis of prescription. Methods: A non-interventional prospective study was done in dermatology department for one and a half year. 807 inpatient and outpatient prescriptions with corticosteroids were collected. The data collected was expressed in terms of averages, ratios and proportions. Results: Out of 807 patients, 300 were male and 507 females. Total number of drugs prescribed was 2231, with average number per prescription being 2.76. Drugs prescribed by generic name 69.3% remaining 30.7% were brand names. Total of 75.1% were prescribed from essential drug list. 65.1% were dispensed from hospital pharmacy and 34.9% from outside pharmacy and betamethasone was the most prescribed corticosteroid. In our study average cost of prescription was 167.72 INR. The average cost of corticosteroids per prescription was 42.87 INR and average cost of other drug prescribed with corticosteroids was 124.87 INR. Conclusions: Use of corticosteroids drugs was found to be appropriate as per standard guidelines.


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Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Oxalis corniculata in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

2016-09-24T01-26-55Z
Source: International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Arijit Dutta, Mangala Lahkar, Chimi Handique.
Background: Oxalis corniculata is traditionally well known for its versatile uses. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic action of ethanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata in streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats. Methods: To look for the antidiabetic effect the albino rats were divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 6 animals. Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight. Standard drug, glibenclamide and ethanolic extract of Oxalis corniculata (EEOC) at doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight was fed to the rats and it was continued till the end of the study. The blood glucose levels were estimated on day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 day. The standard drug and the extract were fed from day 4 onwards. Results: The antidiabetic property of the extract has shown increasing trend with increase in dose and there was a gradual decrease in blood glucose levels with increased period of exposure to the test drug. Conclusions: Results obtained in this study substantiate the anti-diabetic activity of EEOC leaves.


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Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Assam, India

2016-09-24T01-26-55Z
Source: International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Devarsi Choudhury, Pinaki Chakravarty.
Background: Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, usually resistant to several antibiotics, is a cause of concern in many countries. This study determines the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA in Silchar Medical College and Hospital (SMCH), Assam. Methods: This retrospective was conducted from January 2014 to June 2015 (1 year and 6 months) in SMCH, Assam. Four samples seen were blood, urine, pus and ear swab. Screening and confirmation of MRSA isolates were done by standard methods recommended by Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for Methicillin resistance by using oxacillin/ cefoxitin. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of all MRSA strain was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 724 positive staphylococcus strains, MRSA accounted for 311 cases (42.96%). Highest percentage of MRSA cases were from blood culture (61.68%). MRSA cases even showed resistance to other antibiotics like cefuroxime, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, getamicin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and vancomycin. 59.50% cases of MRSA cases showed resistance to cefuroxime. Even Methicillin sensitive strains of staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA) showed resistance to antibiotics like cefuroxime and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Conclusions: The worst feature of MRSA is simultaneous drug resistance to many antibiotics. Measures preventing the spread of MRSA are to be enhanced as fewer options are available for treating MRSA. Hospital guidelines for proper antibiotics usage should be followed.


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