Endoscopic detection of the gastric lesions of peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

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Endoscopic detection of the gastric lesions of peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Ecancermedicalscience. 2016;10:625

Authors: Iwamuro M, Kimura K, Kondo E, Nada T, Nakamura E, Takata K, Tanaka T, Otsuka F, Yoshino T, Okada H

Abstract
An 82-year-old Japanese man presented with a gastric involvement of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Although gastrointestinal lesions were not detected on computed tomography, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a slight elevation of the gastric mucosa, with changes in mucosal colour and the presence of abnormal microvessels. This led to the prompt detection of gastric involvement in lymphoma. This case highlights the usefulness of detailed observation of the gastric mucosa for the endoscopic detection of gastric involvement of peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

PMID: 26981154 [PubMed]

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Dabrafenib in metastatic melanoma: a monocentric 'real life' experience.

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Dabrafenib in metastatic melanoma: a monocentric 'real life' experience.

Ecancermedicalscience. 2016;10:624

Authors: Cocorocchio E, Gandini S, Alfieri S, Battaglia A, Pennacchioli E, Tosti G, Spadola G, Barberis M, Leo MD, Riviello C, Pala L, Intelisano A, Martinoli C, Ferrucci PF

Abstract
Dabrafenib is a potent BRAF-kinase inhibitor. Its activity was evaluated on 40 consecutive metastatic melanoma patients (pts) harboring the V600BRAF mutations. Dabrafenib was administered orally at the dosage of 150 mg b.i.d. daily. ORR was 82%, with 7% CR, 62% PR, 13% SD and 18% PD. The median PFS and OS were seven and 17 months, respectively (median follow-up: 8.5 months). Increased risk of progression was found in pts with elevated LDH, ECOG PS >1 and more than two metastatic sites. Grade 3-4 adverse events were recorded in 4 pts. In this retrospective analysis, Dabrafenib confirmed its role as the standard clinical option in metastatic melanoma pts.

PMID: 26981153 [PubMed]

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Oral and maxillofacial considerations in Gardner's syndrome: a report of two cases.

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Oral and maxillofacial considerations in Gardner's syndrome: a report of two cases.

Ecancermedicalscience. 2016;10:623

Authors: Pereira DL, Carvalho PA, Achatz MI, Rocha A, TardinTorrezan G, Alves FA

Abstract
Gardner's syndrome (GS) is a genetic disorder characterised by intestinal polyps, multiple osteomas, and soft-tissue tumours. Dentists play an important role in the syndrome diagnosis considering that craniomaxillofacial osteomas are a major criteria for Gardner's syndrome diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the main stomatological manifestation of GS and the importance of dentists in its diagnosis. Two patients presenting GS were evaluated. The first one had two osteomas in the mandible and GS was suspected. The colonoscopy confirmed the presence of polyposis and a prophylactic proctocolectomy was performed. The other patient had a late-stage diagnosis of GS and developed a rectum adenocarcinoma. The presence of craniomaxillofacial osteomas are a hallmark of the disease. Early-stage GS diagnosis may enable early diagnosis and preventive strategies in carriers. Other dental abnormalities, such as supernumerary teeth, hypercementosis and odontomas, can also be observed.

PMID: 26981152 [PubMed]

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Cardiomyocyte loss is not required for the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in female mice

Abstract

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in response to hypertension and increased afterload frequently progresses to heart failure. It is under debate whether the loss of cardiomyocytes contributes to this transition. To address this question, female C57BL/6 wild-type mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and developed compensated LV hypertrophy after 1 week, which progressed to heart failure characterized by reduced ejection fraction and pulmonary congestion 4 weeks post-TAC. Quantitative, design-based stereology methods were used to estimate number and mean volume of LV cardiomyocytes. DNA strand breaks were visualized using the TUNEL method 6 weeks post-TAC to quantify the number of apoptotic cell nuclei. The volume of the LV myocardium as well as the cardiomyocyte mean volume increased progressively after TAC. In contrast, the number of LV cardiomyocytes remained constant 1 and 4 weeks post-TAC in comparison to sham-operated mice. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the number of cardiomyocyte nuclei stained for DNA strand breaks at 6 weeks post-TAC. It was concluded that the loss of cardiomyocytes is not required for the transition from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure induced by TAC in the female murine heart.

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Impact of the Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroid Loteprednol Etabonate on Intraocular Pressure

Abstract

Corticosteroids are a mainstay therapeutic option for the treatment of ocular inflammation. However, safety remains a concern for clinicians, particularly with long-term use. Though highly effective at suppressing inflammatory and allergic responses, topical ophthalmic corticosteroids carry an inherent risk of side effects, including elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a risk factor for the development of glaucoma. The corticosteroid loteprednol etabonate (LE) contains an ester rather than a ketone at the C-20 position, minimizing the potential for side effects, including IOP elevation. In early pivotal clinical trials of LE ophthalmic suspension for conjunctivitis (allergic, giant papillary), anterior uveitis, and post-operative inflammation, LE had minimal impact on IOP over short-term (<28 days) and long-term (≥28 days) use. Since then, new LE formulations—including a gel, an ointment, and a suspension of LE in combination with tobramycin—have become commercially available. Multiple studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of LE for inflammatory conditions have been reported, including those requiring longer-term treatment such as photorefractive keratectomy, corneal transplantation, and dry eye disease. We review the available published data on the effect of LE on IOP and report on the cumulative incidence of clinically significant IOP elevations (≥10 mm Hg from baseline) with short-term and long-term LE use. In all studies, LE consistently demonstrated a low propensity to elevate IOP, regardless of formulation, dosage regimen, or treatment duration, including in known steroid responders. The cumulative proportion of patients exhibiting clinically significant IOP increases was 0.8% (14/1725 subjects) in studies evaluating short-term LE treatment and 1.5% (21/1386 subjects) in long-term studies. Furthermore, use of LE was associated with significantly lower rates of IOP elevation ≥10 mm Hg as compared to prednisolone acetate or dexamethasone (when used in combination with tobramycin). The cumulative data to date substantiates a favorable IOP-safety profile for LE with both short-term and long-term use.

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Inhibition of Asthma in OVA Sensitized Mice Model by a Traditional Uygur Herb Nepeta bracteata Benth.

Asthma is a chronic lung inflammation which affects many people. As current therapies for asthma mainly rely on administration of glucocorticoids and have many side effects, new therapy is needed. In this study, we investigated Nepeta bracteata Benth., a traditional Uygur Herb, for its therapeutics effect in OVA induced asthmatic mice model. Treatment of OVA sensitized asthma mice with extract from Nepeta bracteata Benth. demonstrated improved lung pathology, as well as reduced infiltration of eosinophil and neutrophil. Nepeta bracteata Benth. extract also contributed to the rebalance of Th17/Treg cell via decreasing the Th17 cell and increasing the Treg, which was corresponding with the inhibited Th17 cytokine response and increased IL-10 level. Moreover, the reduced TGF-β level and Smad2/3 protein level also suggested that Nepeta bracteata Benth. extract could inhibit TGF-β mediated airway remodelling as well. Taken together, these data suggested that Nepeta bracteata Benth. may be a novel candidate for future antiasthma drug development.

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Effects of Two-Phase Treatment with the Herbst and Preadjusted Edgewise Appliances on the Upper Airway Dimensions

Aims. To assess the effects of two-phase treatment with the Herbst and the preadjusted edgewise appliances on upper airway dimensions and to investigate the correlation between changes in the upper airway dimensions and skeletal morphologies. Methods. A total of 27 Chinese male adolescents aged years were selected. Lateral cephalograms were collected to assess the skeletal morphology and upper airway dimensions. Results. Following Herbst appliance treatment, the upper airway space was significantly enlarged, with the retropalatal (U-MPW) increasing by  mm (), the retroglossal (PASmin) increasing by  mm (), and the hypopharynx (V-LPW) enlarging by  mm (). PASmin was found to show a negative correlation to the mandibular plane angle (MnPl-SN) by (). There was no significant change () in upper airway dimensions during the second-phase treatment. Conclusions. Herbst appliance treatment increased the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway dimensions among adolescents with Class II malocclusion, and the effects were maintained throughout the second treatment phase with a preadjusted edgewise appliance. There was a negative correlation between the change in the depth of the retroglossal pharynx and the mandibular plane angle.

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