Viruses, Vol. 8, Pages 38: Genetic Markers of the Host in Persons Living with HTLV-1, HIV and HCV Infections

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are prevalent worldwide, and share similar means of transmission. These infections may influence each other in evolution and outcome, including cancer or immunodeficiency. Many studies have reported the influence of genetic markers on the host immune response against different persistent viral infections, such as HTLV-1 infection, pointing to the importance of the individual genetic background on their outcomes. However, despite recent advances on the knowledge of the pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection, gaps in the understanding of the role of the individual genetic background on the progress to disease clinically manifested still remain. In this scenario, much less is known regarding the influence of genetic factors in the context of dual or triple infections or their influence on the underlying mechanisms that lead to outcomes that differ from those observed in monoinfection. This review describes the main factors involved in the virus–host balance, especially for some particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, and other important genetic markers in the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and other persistent viruses, such as HIV and HCV.

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Uncovering the financial ties of advocates for cancer drug approval https://t.co/gEZpBDoSF1

Uncovering the financial ties of advocates for cancer drug approval https://t.co/gEZpBDoSF1

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Electropolymerisation dynamics of a highly conducting metallopolymer: poly-[Os(4 `-(5-(2,2 `-bithienyl))-2,2 `: 6 `, 2 ``-terpyridine)(2)](2+)

The potential, time, and concentration dependence of the potentiostatic electropolymerisation of the thienyl-substituted transition metal complex [Os(bttpy)(2)(2+)] onto platinum disk microelectrodes is reported, bttpy is 4`-(5-(2,2-bithienyl))-2,2`:6`2``-terpyridine. Oxidative electropolymerisation of the thienyl bridges is highly efficient with an electropolymerisation efficiency of 36+/-3 observed across a wide range of potentials and monomer concentrations. The osmium centres are oxidised when polymerisation proceeds and the deposited polymer is highly conducting allowing high surface coverage films, up to 6 x 10(-7) mol cm(-2), to be deposited within 60 s. SEM imaging reveals that smooth films can be produced using moderate overpotentials for electrodeposition. Significantly, diffusional mass transport controls the rate of film deposition allowing the radial diffusion field found at microelectrodes to be exploited to favour film growth co-planar with the electrode surface. The electropolymerisation rate increases approximately linearly with increasing monomer concentration from approximately 8 to 400 muM and this first-order dependence likely arises from mass transport limitations. The rate of homogeneous charge transport through potentiostatically deposited films, characterised by (DC)-C-1/2, where D is the apparent charge transport diffusion coefficient and C is the concentration of osmium centres, is 3.5+/-0.5 x 10(-7) mol cm(-1) s(-1/2) and is largely insensitive to the deposition potential, and is very similar to that previously observed for potentiodynamically deposited films. This charge transport parameter is approximately two orders of magnitude larger than those found for non-conjugated bridges and is interpreted in terms of resonant superexchange across the quaterthienyl bridge. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Self-assembly of a novel pentanuclear centred-tetrahedral silver species

The reaction of 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-4-trimethylsilyipyridazine with silver(I) tetrafluoroborate gives the pentanuclear complex cation [Ag5L4](5+), in which the silver centres are arranged as a centred tetrahedron.

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Electrochemical probing of ground state electronic interactions in polynuclear complexes of a new heteroditopic ligand

The synthesis and electronic properties of dinuclear ([(bipy)(2)Ru(I)M(terpy)][PF6](4)(bipy = 2,2`-bipyridine, terpy = 2,2`: 6`, 2``-terpyridine; M = Ru, Os)) and trinuclear ([(bipy)(2)Ru(I)(2)M][PF6](6) M = Ru, Os, Fe, Co) complexes bridged by 4`-(2,2`-bipyridin-4-yl)-2,2`: 6`, 2``-terpyridine (I) have been investigated and are compared with those of mononuclear model complexes. The electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry reveals that there are no interactions in the ground state between adjacent metal centres. However, there is strong electronic communication between the 2,2`-bipyridine and 2,2`: 6``

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Chiral induction in a ribose-decorated metallostar through intrinsic and interionic diastereomeric interactions

A ribose-functionalized bpy ligand has been prepared and shown to give modest diastereomeric excesses of Lambda-[FeL3](2+) complexes; interconversion of Delta and Lambda cations is relatively fast, and in CHCl3, the favored complexes with Delta- or Lambda-TRISPHAT counterions are homochiral, (Delta(+)Delta(-)) or (Delta(+)Lambda(-)). In the case of the Delta-TRISPHAT salt, a single diastereomer is observed (de greater than or equal to 96Publisher = AMER CHEMICAL SOC

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Regioselective metal-directed self-assembly of a prototype double helical hairpin dinuclear complex

A new type of covalently linked bis(oligopyridine) ligand, 4, has been prepared with a spacer group long enough to allow the formation of double helical M2L complexes; the solid-state structure of [Cu-2(4)][PF6](3) shows regioselective formation of the ``head-to-tail`` hairpin complex. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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