Novel mutations in antiviral multiresistant HSV‐2 genital lesion: a case report

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Novel mutations in antiviral multiresistant HSV‐2 genital lesion: a case report via Journal of Medical Virology ABSTRACT Introduction HSV-2 antiviral resistance mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients and especially in HIV-positive individuals receiving long-term antiviral treatment. Those situations can be challenging as few alternatives are available for HSV infection management. Objective To describe clinical and virological significance of two novel potential HSV-2 resistance mutations after treating an obese patient with a pseudotumoral genital HSV-related lesion. Results Consecutive different antiviral treatments were used: valacyclovir (VACV) then foscarnet (FOS) then topical cidofovir (CDV) and finally imiquimod. Under VACV, genotypic resistance testing revealed a novel mutation within viral thymidine kinase (TK, gene UL23) not previously reported but probably accounting for antiviral resistance: W89G, similar to W88R mutation reported in HSV-1 TK, known to be associated with ACV resistance for HSV-1. Under FOS, while initial mutations were still prese nt, a second genotypic resistance testing performed on persisting lesions showed a novel mutation within viral DNA polymerase (DNA pol, gene UL30): C625R. All three antivirals used in this case are small molecules and pharmacokinetics of VACV, FOS, and CDV have not been evaluated in animals and there are very few studies in human. As small molecules are poorly bound to proteins and distribution volume is increased in obese patients, there is risk of underdosage. This mechanism is suspected to be involved in emergence of resistance mutation and further data is needed to adapt, closely to patient profile, antiviral dosage. Conclusions This report describes a chronic HSV-2 genital lesion, with resistance to current antivirals and novel mutations within viral TK and DNA pol which may confer antiviral resistance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Benign stratified intraepithelial mucinous proliferation of the uterine cervix: Significance of a previously unreported potential mimic of SMILE

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Benign stratified intraepithelial mucinous proliferation of the uterine cervix: Significance of a previously unreported potential mimic of SMILE via Annals of Diagnostic Pathology Publication date: Available online 17 August 2022 Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology Author(s): Elizabeth Arslanian, Kamaljeet Singh, Katrine Hansen, M. Ruhul Quddus View on Web

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An overview of three‐dimensional imaging devices in dentistry

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader An overview of three‐dimensional imaging devices in dentistry via Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry Abstract Objective To review four types of three-dimensional imaging devices: intraoral scanners, extraoral scanners, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and facial scanners, in terms of their development, technologies, advantages, disadvantages, accuracy, influencing factors, and applications in dentistry. Methods PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and Google Scholar databases were searched. Additionally, the scanner manufacturers' websites were accessed to obtain relevant data. Four authors independently selected the articles, books, and websites. To exclude duplicates and scrutinize the data, they were uploaded to Mendeley Data. In total, 135 articles, two books, and 17 websites were included. Results Research and clinical practice have shown that oral and facial scanners and CBCT can be used widely in various areas of dentistry with high accuracy. Conclusion Although further advancement of these devices is desirable, there is no doubt that digital technology represents the future of dentistry. Furthermore, the combined use of different devices may bring dentistry into a new era. These four devices will play a significant role in clinical utility with high accuracy. The combined use of these devices should be explored further. Clinical significance The four devices will play a significant role in clinical use with high accuracy. The combined use of these devices should be explored further. View on Web

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Periodontal ligament fibroblasts-derived exosomes induced by PGE2 inhibit human periodontal ligament stem cells osteogenic differentiation via activating miR-34c-5p/SATB2/ERK

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Periodontal ligament fibroblasts-derived exosomes induced by PGE<sub>2</sub> inhibit human periodontal ligament stem cells osteogenic differentiation via activating miR-34c-5p/SATB2/ERK via ScienceDirect Publication: Experimental Cell Research Publication date: Available online 15 August 2022 Source: Experimental Cell Research Author(s): Chen Lin, Yingying Yang, Yingxue Wang, Heng Jing, Xinyi Bai, Zheng Hong, Chunxiang Zhang, Hui Gao, Linkun Zhang View on Web

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Translational Significance of CDKN2A/B Homozygous Deletion in IDH-Mutant Astrocytoma

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Translational Significance of CDKN2A/B Homozygous Deletion in IDH-Mutant Astrocytoma via Neuro-Oncology Advance Access Abstract Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 mutations confer a favorable prognosis compared to IDH-wildtype in astrocytoma, frequently denoting a lower grade malignancy. However, recent molecular profiling has identified specific aggressive tumor subgroups with clear clinical prognostic implications that are independent of histologic grading. The homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B is the strongest implicated independent indicator of poor prognosis within IDH-mutant astrocytoma, and the identification of this alteration in these lower histologic grade tumors transforms their biology toward an aggressive grade 4 phenotype clinically. CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion is now sufficient to define a grade 4 tumor in IDH-mutant astrocytomas regardless of histologic appearance, yet there are currently no effective molecularly informed targeted therapies for these tumors. The biologic impact of CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion in IDH-mutant tumors and the optimal treatmen t strategy for this molecular subgroup remains insufficiently explored. Here we review the current understanding of the translational significance of homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B gene expression in IDH-mutant astrocytoma and associated diagnostic and therapeutic implications. View on Web

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Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis via Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology - Issue - nature.com science feeds Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, Published online: 15 August 2022; doi:10.1038/s41370-022-00464-3 Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis View on Web

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Understanding Variation in Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates in the United States: The Role of Rotavirus Activity and Diagnostic Misclassification

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Understanding Variation in Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates in the United States: The Role of Rotavirus Activity and Diagnostic Misclassification via Epidemiology - Current Issue Background: Estimates of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the United States appear higher in years with more rotavirus activity. We hypothesized rotavirus VE is constant over time but appears to vary as a function of temporal variation in local rotavirus cases and/or misclassified diagnoses. Methods: We analyzed 6 years of data from eight US surveillance sites on 8- to 59-month olds with acute gastroenteritis symptoms. Children's stool samples were tested via enzyme immunoassay (EIA); rotavirus-positive results were confirmed with molecular testing at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We defined rotavirus gastroenteritis cases by either positive on-site EIA results alone or positive EIA with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmation. For each case definition, we estimated VE against any rotavirus gastroenteritis, moderate-to-severe disease, and hospitalization using two mixed-effect regression models: the first including year plus a year–vaccination interaction, and the second including the annual percent of rotavirus-positive tests plus a percent positive–vaccination interaction. We used multiple overimputation to bias-adjust for misclassification of cases defined by positive EIA alone. Results: Estimates of annual rotavirus VE against all outcomes fluctuated temporally, particularly when we defined cases by on-site EIA alone and used a year–vaccination interaction. Use of confirmatory testing to define cases reduced, but did not eliminate, fluctuations. Temporal fluctuations in VE estimates further attenuated when we used a percent positive–vaccination interaction. Fluctuations persisted until bias-adjustment for diagnostic misclassification. Conclusions: Both controlling for time-varying rotavirus activity and bias-adjusting for diagnostic misclassification are critical for estimating the most valid annual rotavirus VE. View on Web

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