Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure and the Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: A Cohort Study With Triangulation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure and the Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: A Cohort Study With Triangulation via Epidemiology - Current Issue Background: Uncontrolled confounding from maternal depression and genetic and environmental factors is expected in studies investigating the effect of prenatal antidepressant exposure on the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and may explain inconsistencies in the existing evidence. We aimed to assess this effect using triangulation. Methods: Using population-based health registries, we conducted a nationwide cohort study of all children born in Denmark between 1997 and 2017 and followed through 2018 for ADHD. We assessed the effect of prenatal antidepressant exposure on the risk of ADHD in childhood by comparing children with and without prenatal antidepressant exposure in terms of adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs), adjusted incidence rate differences (IRDs), and adjusted risk differences (RDs) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We triangulated results from four different analytic approaches: an overall analysis, a negative control analysis, a sibling analysis, and a former-user analysis. Results: The overall study cohort consisted of 1,253,362 children, among whom 28,910 (2.3%) had prenatal antidepressant exposure. ADHD during follow-up was diagnosed among 1,411 (4.9%) of the exposed and in 37,196 (3.0%) of the unexposed children. Triangulation suggested an IRR of 1.09–1.15; an IRD less than 1 case/1,000 person-years, and an RD of 0.9%–2.2% over an up to 18-year period. Conclusions: Based on triangulation, we estimated a modest effect of prenatal antidepressant exposure on the risk of ADHD in childhood. However, considering the limitations of our approaches, this observed association may be partially due to residual biases. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B935. View on Web

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Use of Recently Vaccinated Individuals to Detect Bias in Test-Negative Case–Control Studies of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Use of Recently Vaccinated Individuals to Detect Bias in Test-Negative Case–Control Studies of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness via Epidemiology - Current Issue Postauthorization observational studies play a key role in understanding COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness following the demonstration of efficacy in clinical trials. Although bias due to confounding, selection bias, and misclassification can be mitigated through careful study design, unmeasured confounding is likely to remain in these observational studies. Phase III trials of COVID-19 vaccines have shown that protection from vaccination does not occur immediately, meaning that COVID-19 risk should be similar in recently vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, in the absence of confounding or other bias. Several studies have used the estimated effectiveness among recently vaccinated individuals as a negative control exposure to detect bias in vaccine effectiveness estimates. In this paper, we introduce a theoretical framework to describe the interpretation of such a bias indicator in test-negative studies, and outline strong assumptions that would allow vaccine effectiveness among recently vaccinated individuals to serve as a negative control exposure. View on Web

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Gestational hypertensive disorders and maternal breast cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of 40,720 parous women

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Gestational hypertensive disorders and maternal breast cancer risk in a nationwide cohort of 40,720 parous women via Epidemiology - Published Ahead-of-Print Background: Pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension are hypothesized to be associated with reduced maternal breast cancer risk, but the epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive. Our objective was to examine associations between gestational hypertensive disorders and breast cancer in a nationwide cohort of women with a family history of breast cancer. Methods: Women ages 35-74 years who had a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer, but had never had breast cancer themselves, were enrolled in the Sister Study from 2003-2009 (N=50,884). At enrollment, participants reported diagnoses of eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, or gestational hypertension in each pregnancy. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the association between history of a gestational hypertensive disorder and incident invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ among 40,720 parous women. We used age as the time scale and adjusted for birth cohort, race–ethnicity, and reproductive, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. We examined effect measure modification by risk factors for gestational hypertensive disease and breast cancer and assessed possible etiologic heterogeneity across tumor characteristics. Results: The prevalence of gestational hypertensive disease was 12%. During follow-up (mean=10.9 years), 3198 eligible women self-reported a breast cancer diagnosis. History of a gestational hypertensive disorder was not associated with breast cancer risk (HR=1.0, 95% CI 0.90, 1.1). We did not observe clear evidence of effect measure modification or etiologic heterogeneity. Conclusions: History of a gestational hypertensive disorder was not associated with breast cancer risk in a cohort of women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. View on Web

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PragmaTic, prospEctive, randomized, controlled, double-blind, mulTi-centre, multinational study on the safety and efficacy of a 6% HydroxYethyl Starch (HES) solution versus an electrolyte solution in trauma patients: study protocol for the TETHYS study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader PragmaTic, prospEctive, randomized, controlled, double-blind, mulTi-centre, multinational study on the safety and efficacy of a 6% HydroxYethyl Starch (HES) solution versus an electrolyte solution in trauma patients: study protocol for the TETHYS study via Trials - Latest Articles Trauma may be associated with significant to life-threatening blood loss, which in turn may increase the risk of complications and death, particularly in the absence of adequate treatment. Hydroxyethyl starch ... View on Web

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Clinical efficacy and in vitro neutralization capacity of monoclonal antibodies for SARS‐CoV‐2 delta and omicron variants

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinical efficacy and in vitro neutralization capacity of monoclonal antibodies for SARS‐CoV‐2 delta and omicron variants via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract We aimed to provide in vitro data on the neutralization capacity of different monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparations against the SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variant, respectively, and describe the in vivo RNA kinetics of COVID-19 patients treated with the respective mAbs. Virus neutralization assays were performed to assess the neutralizing effect of the mAb formulations casirivimab/imdevimab and sotrovimab on the SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variant. Additionally, respiratory tract SARS-CoV-2 RNA kinetics are provided for 25 COVID-19 patients infected with either delta variant (n=18) or omicron variant (n=7) treated with the respective mAb formulations during their hospital stay. In the virus neutralization assay, sotrovimab exhibits neutralizing capacity at therapeutically achievable concentrations against the SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variant. In contrast, casivirimab/imdevimab had neutralizing capacity against the delta variant but fail ed neutralization against the omicron variant except for a very high concentration above the currently recommended therapeutic dosage. In patients with delta variant infections treated with casivirimab/imdevimab, we observed a rapid decrease of respiratory viral RNA at day three after mAb therapy. In contrast, no such prompt decline was observed in patients with delta variant or omicron variant infections receiving sotrovimab. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Polyamine synthesis enzyme AMD1 is closely related to the tumorigenesis and prognosis of human breast cancer

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Polyamine synthesis enzyme AMD1 is closely related to the tumorigenesis and prognosis of human breast cancer via ScienceDirect Publication: Experimental Cell Research Publication date: Available online 4 June 2022 Source: Experimental Cell Research Author(s): Hongyu Gao, Hanjun Li, Jingjie Wang, Cheng Xu, Yueyun Zhu, Dilihumaer Tuluhong, Xinfang Li, Shaohua Wang, Jieshou Li View on Web

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Pharyngeal tongue base augmentation for dysphagia therapy: A prospective case series in patients post head and neck cancer treatment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Pharyngeal tongue base augmentation for dysphagia therapy: A prospective case series in patients post head and neck cancer treatment via Head & Neck Abstract Background Dysphagia post head and neck cancer (HNC) multimodality treatment is attributed to reduced pharyngeal strength. We hypothesized that pharyngeal tongue base augmentation for dysphagia (PAD therapy) would increase pharyngeal pressures during swallowing thereby improving swallow symptoms. Methods Adults with moderate–severe dysphagia post-HNC treatment had PAD therapy using a temporary filler (hyaluronic acid [HA]), with follow-up long-lasting lipofilling. Swallowing preprocedure and postprocedure was assessed with the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ), High-Resolution Pharyngeal Manometry (HRPM), and Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS). Statistical comparison utilized paired tests. Results Six participants (all male; median age 64 years [IQR 56, 71]) underwent PAD therapy at a median of 47 [IQR 8, 95] months post-treatment. SSQ scores reduced from baseline (mean 1069 [95%CI 703, 1434]) to post-HA (mean 579 [76, 1081], p > 0.05), and post-lipofilling (491 [95%CI 913, 789], p = 0.003, n = 4). Individual participants demonstrated reduced Swallow Risk Index, Bolus Presence Time, and increased Upper Esophageal Sphincter opening, but mesopharyngeal contractile pressures were unchanged. VFSS measures of aspiration, residue, and severity were unchanged. Conclusions Novel PAD therapy is safe and improves dysphagia symptoms. Biomechanical swallowing changes are suggestive of more efficacious bolus propulsion with conservative filler volume, but this was unable to resolve residue or aspiration measures. View on Web

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