Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia Profile in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model Predicts Pain Severity Following Infraorbital Nerve Injury and Is Associated with Local Cytokine Levels, Systemic Endocannabinoids, and Endogenous Opioids

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia Profile in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model Predicts Pain Severity Following Infraorbital Nerve Injury and Is Associated with Local Cytokine Levels, Systemic Endocannabinoids, and Endogenous Opioids Via pubmed: "j oral facial pain ... J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2021 Aug 16. doi: 10.11607/ofph.3003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT AIMS: To investigate the role of exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in the development of neuropathic pain (NP) following infraorbital nerve (ION) injury and to explore possible underlying mechanisms defining the differences between rats with high and low EIH. METHODS: EIH was evaluated by measuring the percentage of withdrawal responses to a series of 30 mechanical stimu li applied to the hind paw before and after 180 seconds of exercise on a rotating rod. The rats were assigned to low- and high-EIH groups based on reduction in the percent of withdrawal responses following exercise. NP was induced in high- and low-EIH rats via ION constriction injury. Rats were tested with graded nylon monofilaments to establish the withdrawal threshold. Increasingly stiff monofilaments were applied to the ION territory until there was a clear withdrawal by the rat. This was repeated a total of three times. A decreased withdrawal threshold indicates allodynia. Testing was performed at baseline and at 3, 10, and 17 days following the injury. On day 17 postinjury, IONs were harvested for the assessment of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels. Samples from high-EIH and low-EIH surgically naïve rats served as control for the cytokines study. In this second part of the study, the effects of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid 2 (CB2) antagonists and naltrexone o n EIH profiles and on the withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimulation were measured. EIH and withdrawal thresholds in high- and low-EIH rats were measured before and after administration of antagonists. RESULTS: Low-EIH rats developed significantly more pronounced allodynia in the ION territory following injury compared to high-EIH rats. At 17 days postinjury, ION IL-1β levels were higher in low-EIH rats, and IL-10 levels were higher in high-EIH rats. CB1 antagonist blocked the analgesic effect induced by exercise in high- but not in low-EIH rats. The CB2 antagonist had no significant effect on high- or low-EIH rats. Naltrexone blocked the effects of EIH in both high- and low-EIH rats. Exercise induced a significant analgesic effect in high-EIH but not in low-EIH rats. CB1 or CB2 antagonist administration had no effect on pre-exercise responses to mechanical stimulation, while naltrexone administration resulted in significant allodynia in both low- and high-EIH rats. < p>CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated substantial differences between rats with high and low EIH. The results suggest that following ION injury, high-EIH rats may have a more prominent or activated endocannabinoids system and that their inflammatory response is moderated, with higher levels of IL-10 and lower levels of IL-1β. PMID:34398938 | DOI:10.11607/ofph.3003 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Is Fas‐mediated apoptosis of melanocytes indispensable in vitiligo?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Is Fas‐mediated apoptosis of melanocytes indispensable in vitiligo? Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract With interest, we have read the article by Jimbo et al. in Experimental Dermatology 1. The authors reported that the Fas pathway is involved in CD8+ T-lymphocyte-dependent depigmentation in a vitiligo mouse model. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon, (IFN)-γ whose expression is elevated in lesional skin of vitiligo patients, synergistically upregulated Fas expression but suppressed Fas-mediated apoptosis of human melanocytes in vitro. While there is no doubt that vitiligo results in cell death of these cells we wondered if patients with mutations of the FAS gene are resistant to develop vitiligo. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Endoscopic-Assisted Fronto-Orbital Distraction Osteogenesis: Initial Patient Report

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Endoscopic-Assisted Fronto-Orbital Distraction Osteogenesis: Initial Patient Report Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid J Craniofac Surg. 2021 Aug 13. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008082. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce a novel endoscopic-assisted approach for creation of osteotomies and distractor hardware placement for unicoronal craniosynostosis. METHODS: Only three small incisions are performed, one at the anterior fontanelle, pterional region, and upper lateral blepharoplasty location. Unicoronal strip craniectomy and osteotomies in temporal bone, nasofrontal junction, lateral orbital rim, sphenoid wing, orbital roof, and contralateral frontal bone are performed through these incisions with the assistance of a 30° 5-mm endoscope. One linear cranial distractor is inserted through the pterional incision and fixated across the unicoronal suturectomy. RESULTS: Endoscopic-assisted fronto-orbital distraction osteogenesis has been performed on 3 patients with unicoronal craniosynostosis. Media n age at surgery was 5.4 months (95%CI 5.0-6.1). Median operative duration was 98 minutes (95%CI 91-112), and estimated blood loss was 25 mL (95%CI 15-150). Median length of distraction achieved was 25.7 mm (95%CI 21.9-28.0), based on lateral skull x-rays obtained on the last day of activation. Distractors were removed 2.3 months postoperatively (95%CI 2.1-3.1), and operative duration of distractor removal was 20 minutes (95%CI 19-29). There was 1 complication, a transient cerebrospinal fluid leak thought to have been caused by a pinpoint injury to the dura at the nasofrontal junction, which was managed expectantly and resolved spontaneously by the fourth postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic-assisted fronto-orbital distraction osteogenesis is a promising treatment modality for children with unicoronal craniosynostosis combining the benefits of distraction osteogenesis with a minimally invasive approach. Additional experience and follow-up are needed to determine its util ity, safety, and longevity. PMID:34387268 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000008082 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of iliocapsularis muscle: an important landmark in orthopedic surgery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A systematic review and meta-analysis of iliocapsularis muscle: an important landmark in orthopedic surgery Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Aug 12. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02815-5. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Iliocapsularis (IC) is a small muscle overlying the capsule of the hip joint. Although recent attention is being given to this muscle by orthopedic surgeons who encounter it during the anterior approach to total hip arthroplasty, little is known about its anatomical features. The aim of this study was to review the anatomy of IC, and describe its' origin, insertion, blood supply, innervation, muscle fiber characteristics and size. The function, clinical relevance and comparative anatomy of IC were also appraised. METHODS: Using Evidence-Based Anatomy methodology, electronic databases were searched with the terms "iliocapsularis", "iliacus minor", "iliotrochantericus", and "ilioinfratrochantericus" to identify eligible studies. RESULTS: Six studies (n = 287 lower limbs) examining the anatomy of IC were included. The pooled prevalence (PP) of the IC was 98.7% (95% CI 96.5-100.0). It arises from the inferior facet of the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and attaches inferior to the lesser trochanter. Attached to the anteromedial capsule along its entire length, IC has the largest capsular contribution of any of the hip muscles (73.8 ± 27.3 × 16.1 ± 4.4 mm). Thus, it is an important landmark in anterior surgical approaches to the hip joint. CONCLUSION: The anatomy of IC is becoming more relevant with the increasing use of anteri or approaches to hip surgery. With attachments to the AIIS, the lesser trochanter as well as the length of the capsule, this muscle is an important landmark in total hip arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V. PMID:34386828 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02815-5 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Association of Perioperative Complications with Vitamin D Levels in Major Head and Neck Surgery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Association of Perioperative Complications with Vitamin D Levels in Major Head and Neck Surgery Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis To investigate the association of vitamin D level and perioperative complications in patients undergoing major head and neck surgery. Study Design Retrospective Cohort Study. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients undergoing reconstructive head and neck surgery between December 2017 and December 2019. Data regarding patient demographics, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol) level, hospital course, prior radiation, and fistula formation were collected. Patients were categorized by serum calcidiol level as deficient (<20 ng/mL) or sufficient (≧20 ng/mL) and outcomes were compared between groups. Results Fifty-seven patients were included in the analysis. Average age at time of surgery was 62.6 ± 10.6 years. Patients with vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL were considered deficient and ≧20 ng/mL were considered sufficient. Individuals in the deficient group (n = 29) had a mean serum calcidiol level of 13.95 ± 3.95 ng/mL, whereas those in the sufficient group (n = 28) had a mean calcidiol level of 28.53 ± 5.73 ng/mL. The rate of fistula was 41.4% in the deficient group, whereas patients in the sufficient group had a rate of fistula of 14.3% (P = .038). On multivariate analysis, higher serum calcidiol level above 20 ng/mL was associated with a lower likelihood of developing fistulae with an odds ratio 0.830 (95% confidence interval: 0.718–0.960, P = .012). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in development of fistula after major head and neck surgery. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Canadian consensus statement on the management of radioactive iodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Canadian consensus statement on the management of radioactive iodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer Via radioactive iodine Oral Oncol. 2021 Aug 10;121:105477. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105477. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Radioactive iodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIRTC) is an aggressive form of thyroid cancer that is uncommon and heterogeneous in its clinical behavior. With the emergence of more effective systemic therapy, the need for guidance in decision-making was recognized and a consensus committee of national experts was assembled. The consensus committee consisted of 13 clinicians involved in treating RAIRTC from across Canada and included endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, surgeons, and radiation and medical oncologists. Domains of interest were identified by consensus, and evidence gathered using systematic reviews. Consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of RAIRTC were developed. It was recognized that the rarity of RAIRTC in practice and heterogeneous patterns of thyroid cancer care could limit access to effective therapy for some RAIRTC patients. This document offers guidance to manage RAIRTC patients in a multidisciplinary manner. PMID:34388408 | DOI:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105477 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Voice Changes Without Laryngeal Nerve Alterations After Thyroidectomy: The Need For Prospective Trials - A Review Study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Voice Changes Without Laryngeal Nerve Alterations After Thyroidectomy: The Need For Prospective Trials - A Review Study Via Journal of Voice Thyroidectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure that is offered for different thyroid pathologies. The most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy is transient or permanent hypoparathyroidism followed by transient or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Patients may experience voice impairment despite intact laryngeal nerve function. These patients are of special interest because they experience subjective symptoms which are difficult to measure and therefore to treat. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.