PEGylated crushed gold shell-radiolabeled core nanoballs for in vivo tumor imaging with dual positron emission tomography and Cerenkov luminescent imaging.

Related Articles

PEGylated crushed gold shell-radiolabeled core nanoballs for in vivo tumor imaging with dual positron emission tomography and Cerenkov luminescent imaging.

J Nanobiotechnology. 2018 Apr 18;16(1):41

Authors: Lee SB, Kumar D, Li Y, Lee IK, Cho SJ, Kim SK, Lee SW, Jeong SY, Lee J, Jeon YH

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Radioactive isotope-labeled gold nanomaterials have potential biomedical applications. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of PEGylated crushed gold shell-radioactive iodide-124-labeled gold core nanoballs (PEG-124I-Au@AuCBs) for in vivo tumor imaging applications through combined positron emission tomography and Cerenkov luminescent imaging (PET/CLI).
RESULTS: PEG-124I-Au@AuCBs showed high stability and sensitivity in various pH solutions, serum, and in vivo conditions and were not toxic to tested cells. Combined PET/CLI clearly revealed tumor lesions at 1 h after injection of particles, and both signals remained visible in tumor lesions at 24 h, consistent with the biodistribution results.
CONCLUSION: Taken together, the data provided strong evidence for the application of PEG-124I-Au@AuCBs as promising imaging agents in nuclear medicine imaging of various biological systems, particularly in cancer diagnosis.

PMID: 29669544 [PubMed - in process]

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Topographic anatomical landmarks for pulley system of the thumb.

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Topographic anatomical landmarks for pulley system of the thumb.

Surg Radiol Anat. 2018 Apr 18;:

Authors: Gnanasekaran D, Veeramani R, Karuppusamy A

Abstract
PURPOSE: Knowledge of anatomical landmark to pulley system of the thumb is essential in successful treatment of trigger thumb release either by percutaneous or by minimally invasive technique. Though surgical release of trigger thumb is done commonly, there is paucity of data in the literature regarding its surface landmarks. The purpose of this study is to identify palmar surface anatomical landmarks to the pulley system of the thumb.
METHODS: Dissection was performed on 55 fresh frozen adult cadaveric thumbs. The palmar thumb creases were given names as the proximal-proximal crease (PPC) present at the metacarpophalangeal joint, the distal-proximal crease (DPC) over the middle of the proximal phalanx and the distal crease (DC) at interphalangeal joint. The distance between the proximal edges of each pulley to the three thumb creases and longitudinal length of A1, A2, oblique and Av pulley was measured using digital vernier caliper and was expressed in mean and standard deviation.
RESULTS: The proximal edge of A1 pulley was 1.98 ± 1.61 mm proximal to the PPC. The mean longitudinal length of the A1 pulley was measured to be 5.06 ± 0.87 mm, so the distal edge of the A1 pulley was calculated to lie 3.08 mm distal to PPC. The proximal edge of Av and oblique pulley was situated 7.78 ± 2.5 and 15.72 ± 3.22 mm distal to PPC, respectively. The proximal edge of A2 pulley was very nearer and 2.88 ± 1.79 mm proximal to DC.
CONCLUSION: The knowledge of anatomical skin surface landmarks is helpful in the percutaneous release or minimally invasive procedure. The PPC serves as a definite landmark for A1, Av and oblique pulley whereas it is the DC for A2 pulley.

PMID: 29671018 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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RF-ablation pattern shaping employing switching channels of dual bipolar needle electrodes: ex vivo results

Abstract

Purpose

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation with mono- or bipolar electrodes is a common procedure for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a low rate of recurrence for small size tumors. For larger lesions and/or non-round/ellipsoid shapes RF ablation has some limitations and generally does not achieve comparable success rates to microwave ablation or high-intensity focused ultrasound therapies.

Materials and methods

To shape RF ablations for matching a tumor size and geometry, we have developed an electronic channel switch box for two bipolar needles that generates multiple selectable ablation patterns. The setup can be used with commercially available mono- or bipolar RF generators. The switch box provides ten selectable ablation procedures to generate different ablation patterns without a relocation of a needle. Five patterns were exemplary generated in ex vivo tissue of porcine liver and chicken breast and visually characterized.

Results

Different ablation patterns, e.g., in a L- or U-shape, were achieved. In chicken breast a maximum ablation with a diameter of \(4.3\, \hbox {cm}\) was obtained and in porcine liver \(2.8\, \hbox {cm}\) with electrodes of \(0.9\, \hbox {cm}\) length.

Conclusion

The resulting ablations with the electronic switch box and two bipolar needles show the potential ability to manage RF therapies of complex and large tumor geometries. Next steps would be to validate the actual tissue ablation volumes in further ex vivo and preclinical studies and against simulation results.

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Does stent type impact coil embolization outcomes in extended follow-up of small-sized aneurysms (< 10 mm)?

Abstract

Purpose

Self-expandable stents have enabled endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms (ordinarily viewed as technically prohibitive), with favorable outcomes. However, the impact of stent type on occlusive stability has not been adequately investigated. In small-sized unruptured saccular aneurysms, we generated estimates of stent-assisted coil embolization outcomes during follow-up monitoring. Stent type and other risk factors linked to recanalization were analyzed.

Methods

A cohort of 286 patients harboring 312 small-sized unruptured aneurysms (< 10 mm) was subjected to mid-term and extended follow-up monitoring after stent-assisted coiling. Three types of stents (Enterprise, 192; Neuroform, 27; LVIS, 93) were deployed in this population; all medical records and radiologic data of which were reviewed. Mid-term recanalization rates and related risk factors were assessed using binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 49 aneurysms (15.7%) displayed recanalization at 6 months postembolization, with 34 and 15 instances of minor and major recanalization, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that wide-necked aneurysms (> 4 mm) (HR = 2.362; p = 0.017), incomplete occlusion at time of coiling (HR = 2.949; p = 0.002), and stent type (p = 0.048) were significant factors in mid-term recanalization, whereas hypertension (p = 0.095) and packing density ≤ 30% (p = 0.213) fell short of statistical significance. Compared with Enterprise (HR = 2.828) or Neuroform (HR = 4.206) stents, outcomes proved more favorable with use of LVIS.

Conclusions

Above findings demonstrate that in addition to occlusive status at time of coil embolization and neck size, stent type may affect follow-up outcomes of stent-assisted coil embolization in small-sized aneurysms. LVIS (vs Enterprise or Neuroform stents) performed best during follow-up monitoring in terms of limiting recanalization.

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Does stent type impact coil embolization outcomes in extended follow-up of small-sized aneurysms (< 10 mm)?

Abstract

Purpose

Self-expandable stents have enabled endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms (ordinarily viewed as technically prohibitive), with favorable outcomes. However, the impact of stent type on occlusive stability has not been adequately investigated. In small-sized unruptured saccular aneurysms, we generated estimates of stent-assisted coil embolization outcomes during follow-up monitoring. Stent type and other risk factors linked to recanalization were analyzed.

Methods

A cohort of 286 patients harboring 312 small-sized unruptured aneurysms (< 10 mm) was subjected to mid-term and extended follow-up monitoring after stent-assisted coiling. Three types of stents (Enterprise, 192; Neuroform, 27; LVIS, 93) were deployed in this population; all medical records and radiologic data of which were reviewed. Mid-term recanalization rates and related risk factors were assessed using binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 49 aneurysms (15.7%) displayed recanalization at 6 months postembolization, with 34 and 15 instances of minor and major recanalization, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that wide-necked aneurysms (> 4 mm) (HR = 2.362; p = 0.017), incomplete occlusion at time of coiling (HR = 2.949; p = 0.002), and stent type (p = 0.048) were significant factors in mid-term recanalization, whereas hypertension (p = 0.095) and packing density ≤ 30% (p = 0.213) fell short of statistical significance. Compared with Enterprise (HR = 2.828) or Neuroform (HR = 4.206) stents, outcomes proved more favorable with use of LVIS.

Conclusions

Above findings demonstrate that in addition to occlusive status at time of coil embolization and neck size, stent type may affect follow-up outcomes of stent-assisted coil embolization in small-sized aneurysms. LVIS (vs Enterprise or Neuroform stents) performed best during follow-up monitoring in terms of limiting recanalization.

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Lung dose and the potential risk of death in postoperative radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A study using the method of stratified grouping

Postoperative radiation therapy may have a detrimental effect on survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We investigated the association of the lung radiation dose with the risk of death in patients treated with postoperative radiation therapy.

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