3D-printed kidney helps optimize SPECT/CT quantification

Low-cost, 3D-printed kidney phantoms provide shape-specific details that improve...

Read more on AuntMinnieEurope.com

Related Reading:

3D printing assists implantation of hearing device

3D printing assists spinal surgery of French 6-year-old

Photorealistic imaging bolsters knowledge

Why all the hype over 3D printing? Plus how to do it

3D-printed blood vessels reproduce patient clots

from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2kmwcBs
via IFTTT

Award for distinguished contributions to psychophysiology: Bruce N. Cuthbert

from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2BN6Qkm
via IFTTT

Blood test could help predict skin cancer’s return

Cancer Research UK scientists have discovered that testing skin cancer patients’ blood for tumour DNA could help predict the chances of an aggressive cancer returning. Published in the Annals of Oncology, the findings could pave the way to identifying...

from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2kmw8Se
via IFTTT

The Permian reptile Opisthodontosaurus carrolli: a model for acrodont tooth replacement and dental ontogeny

Abstract

Continuous tooth replacement is common for tetrapods, but some groups of acrodont lepidosaurs have lost the ability to replace their dentition (monophyodonty). Acrodonty, where the tooth attaches to the apex of the jawbone, is an unusual form of tooth attachment that has been associated with the highly autapomorphic condition of monophyodonty. Beyond Lepidosauria, very little is known about the relationship between acrodonty and monophyodonty in other amniotes. We test for this association with a detailed study of the dentition of Opisthodontosaurus, an unusual Early Permian captorhinid eureptile with acrodont dentition. We provide clear evidence, both histological and morphological, that there were regular tooth replacement events in the lower jaw of Opisthodontosaurus, similar to its captorhinid relatives. Thus, our study of the oldest known amniote with an acrodont dentition shows that acrodonty does not inhibit tooth replacement, and that many of the characteristics assigned to lepidosaurian acrodonty are actually highly derived features of lepidosaurs that have resulted secondarily from a lack of tooth replacement. In the context of reptilian dental evolution, we propose the retention of the simple definition of acrodonty, which only pertains to the relative position of the tooth at the apex of the jaw, where the jaw possesses equal lingual and labial walls. This definition of implantation therefore focuses solely on the spatial relationship between the tooth and the jawbone, and separates this relationship from tooth development and replacement.

from #AlexandrosSfakianakis via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2B38cdI
via IFTTT

Impact of statistical reconstruction and compressed sensing algorithms on projection data elimination during X-ray CT image reconstruction

Abstract

Objectives

To examine the effect of incomplete, or total elimination of, projection data on computed tomography (CT) images subjected to statistical reconstruction and/or compressed sensing algorithms.

Methods

Multidetector row CT images were used. The algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and the maximum likelihood-expectation maximization (ML-EM) method were compared with filtered back-projection (FBP). Effects on reconstructed images were studied when the projection data of 360° (360 projections) were decreased to 180 or 90 projections by reducing the collection angle or thinning the image data. The total variation (TV) regularization method using compressed sensing was applied to images processed by the ART. Image noise was subjectively evaluated using the root-mean-square error and signal-to-noise ratio.

Results

When projection data were reduced by one-half or three-quarters, ART and ML-EM produced better image quality than FBP. Both ART and ML-EM resulted in high quality at a spread of 90 projections over 180° rotation. Computational loading was high for statistical reconstruction, but not for ML-EM, compared with the ART. TV regularization made it possible to use only 36 projections while still achieving acceptable image quality.

Conclusions

Incomplete projection data—accomplished by reducing the angle to collect image data or thinning the projection data without reducing the angle of rotation over which it is collected—made it possible to reduce the radiation dose while retaining image quality with statistical reconstruction algorithms and/or compressed sensing. Despite heavier computational calculation loading, these methods should be considered for reducing radiation doses.

from Imaging via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2AAswAn

Spectrobiopsy in neurodiagnostics: the new era

from Imaging via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2AyWULr

Spectrobiopsy in neurodiagnostics: the new era

from Imaging via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2AyWULr