Interlukin-10 gene polymorphisms (-819T/C and -1082A/G) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indian population

2016-11-12T09-48-37Z
Source: Disease and Molecular Medicine
SUSHMA VERMA, HONEY CHANDRA, MONISHA BANERJEE.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired cytokine levels leading to inflammation. Interlukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine which acts as macrophage deactivator affecting the synthesis of TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) viz. -592A/C, -819T/C and -1082A/G in IL-10 promoter are associated with IL-10 production. Low IL-10 levels in T2DM cases may be regulated by such gene variants. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the association of two genetic polymorphisms viz. IL-10 -819T/C and -1082A/G with T2DM in a North Indian population. Blood samples from 402 subjects (201 each of controls and T2DM cases) were collected after ethical approval and individual written consent. All subjects were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using specific primers and restriction enzymes. Genotypic, allelic, carriage rate frequencies were calculated and haplotypic analysis performed by SPSS (version 21.0) and SHEsis (online version). All biochemical parameters except WHR and TG showed significant association with T2DM (P


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Association of Crohn’s Disease and Celiac Disease: Causal link or only coincidence?

2016-11-12T09-12-54Z
Source: Disease and Molecular Medicine
Tolga Duzenli, Mustafa Kaplan, Alpaslan Tanoglu, Demet Altun, Hakan Cermik.
Crohns disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly terminal ileum and proximal colon; and Celiac Disease (CeD) is immuno-mediated systemic disease caused by gluten and similar prolamins in genetically susceptible individuals. Concomitant occurrence of CD and CeD is rare and there are limited literature data regarding the association of CeD to CD. Although, recent findings propose shared mechanisms, genetics and functional pathways. Herein, we report a case that has co-occurrence of CD and CeD and rewiew the literature of the association between these two diseases.


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World’s Heaviest Spleen Removed

2016-11-12T07-28-51Z
Source: The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Review
Arjun Goel, Brahm Dutt Pathak, Vikrant Singh Chauhan, Laxmi Goel.
A 33 yr old man with hepatosplenomegaly, presented with abdominal pain and distension. After establishing the diagnosis of type I Gauchers disease, splenectomy was done which weighed a massive 14.96 kilograms. The heaviest spleen reported till date. A case report of splenectomy for massive splenomegaly with comparison of other reports is presented. Splenectomy in gaucherss disease have been reported in the past for hypersplenism and splenomegaly. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism causes poor quality of life with abdominal distension and discomfort, recurrent blood transfusions, increased risk of bleeding, pancytopenia. The main indication in our case was massive splenomegaly extending well below the umbilicus and reaching upto the opposite iliac fossa (Hacketts grade V). Such massive sized spleens have never been reported in the past as patients present before reaching this level. Performing splenectomy in this case was in itself an arduous task. Our patient was operated by conventional midline laparotomy and recovered well after surgery.


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A cross-sectional study of morbidity and social profile of geriatric population in Singanodi sub centre, Raichur, Karnataka, India

2016-11-12T04-58-10Z
Source: International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Pavan S. Kalasker, Brunda N. K., Bhaskar Kurre.
Background: India has around 100 million elderly populations which constitute about 8% of countrys population. They form a vulnerable group not only from the point of view of health problems but also from other aspects namely economic, social, nutritional and others. Hence a study was conducted to know the socio-demographic profile, morbidity pattern and social problems faced by elderly. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in six villages of Singanodi sub centre in Raichur Karnataka, India. All elderly population above 60 years were interviewed by house to house visit and clinical examination done. Results: Out of total 513 elderly population, majority were in 60-69 years age group, 94.5% were illiterates and large number of subjects belonged to class IV and V of modified BG Prasad socio-economic classification. Most common morbidity was musculoskeletal disorders and 23.8% of study subjects felt neglected by family. Conclusions: The existing health care services are not sufficient to meet the needs of the geriatric population hence scaling up of existing services is needed as in future more people will be added to geriatric pool.


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Comparison of the efficiency of the nebulization of salbutamol, epinephrine and normal saline on treatment of bronchiolitis

2016-11-11T05-36-50Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Rakotomalala Rivo Lova Herilanto, Lovaniaina Ravelomanana, Andriatahirintsoa Emilson J. P. R., Tsifiregna Rosa Lalao, Ravelomanana Noeline.
Background: Bronchiolitis is a frequent cause of hospitalization. Despite the frequency of this pathology, there is not a single, widely practiced evidence-driven treatment especially using of nebulization. Present purpose was to compare which is efficient: nebulized salbutamol, epinephrine or normal saline. Methods: We have preceded to a prospective study from January 1st 2011 to March 31st 2012 including children between 29 days old and 2 years old. Results: We have included 90 patients divided in three groups and received nebulized salbutamol, epinephrine or normal saline. There was no real difference in the variables of the groups: clinical score, oxygen saturation, heart rate, temperature and weight but the hospitalization duration was shorter in the group who have been cured by normal saline Conclusions: This study shows that salbutamol, epinephrine and normal saline can be used in the same situation but the normal saline has more advantages because of his low coast and the absence of risk of side effects.


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A comparative study between the efficacies of betadine scrub (10%) versus alcohol based hand rub in preoperative hand disinfection

2016-11-11T05-36-50Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Rahul Kadam, Chinmoy Sharma, Abhaykumar Chhallani, Sunil Yadav.
Background: Hand hygiene is a crucial measure for preventing healthcare-related infections. Surgical scrub is an important factor in the safety and success of a surgical operation. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate effectiveness of povidone iodine scrub (10%) and alcohol based hand rubs (Sterilium). Methods: Single centre, double blinded, comparative study performed over a period of 6 months in MGM Medical College and hospital. Sampling was conducted, after the surgeons participating had used either technique for preoperative hand disinfection. Colonies were counted after 48 hours of aerobic incubation at 37°C. Positive cultures were identified and their frequencies were compared. Data were summarized using descriptive statistical methods. Comparison of counts between groups was performed using Chi square test. Results: From the 100 obtained samples, there was higher number of positive growth in Sterilium as compared to povidone iodine scrub (14% versus 8%) though statistically not significant. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter was the most common organism isolated in both the groups. Conclusions: Povidone-iodine is more efficacious than that of alcohol-based solutions in preoperative hand disinfection


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Comparative study of hypoglycaemic activity of morus alba with oral hypoglycaemic drug (metformin) in alloxan induced diabetic rats

2016-11-10T23-12-18Z
Source: International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Naveen Kumar Madalageri, Lavanya Nagaraj.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a spectrum of common metabolic disorders, arising from a variety of pathogenic mechanisms, all resulting in hyperglycemia. The number of individuals with diabetes is rising rapidly throughout the world. Worldwide the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is estimated to be 2.8% and is set to rise to 4.4% by 2030. In India alone, the prevalence of diabetes is expected to increase from 30.9 million to 69.9 million by 2025. Despite the availability of many drugs for treatment for diabetes and its complications continue to be major medical problems. Currently available antidiabetic drugs are not completely effective and are associated with adverse effects both in the short and long run. Some studies have reported many different medicinal properties of mulberry leaves (Morus alba) like neuroprotective property, cardioprotective property, antidepressant property. It is used as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, expectorant and antidiabetic in traditional Chinese medicine. So this study is undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Morus alba in Alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Methods: Total 24 albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200 gms were selected and randomly divided into 4 equal groups containing 6 rats in each group. First group (Non-diabetic control) was given normal saline (0.5 mL). Other 3 groups were induced diabetes by giving Alloxan (150 mg/kg IP). They were subdivided into diabetic control group receiving normal saline (0.5 mL), standard control group receiving Metformin (10 mg/kg body weight) and test group receiving Morus alba extract (600 mg/kg). Fasting blood sugar level was estimated on day 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 by using glucometer. Data were statistically analysed by Tukeys Post Hoc test and ANOVA. Results: Morus alba at the above doses significantly reduced blood glucose levels as compared to control group (p0.05). Conclusions: The result suggests that Morus alba leaves have hypoglycaemic activity.


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