ORAL LICHEN PLANUS: AN UPDATE

2016-11-07T02-16-15Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Md. Asad Iqubal, Mobeen Khan, Umesh Chandra Chaudhary, Swetarchi, Bushra Farhat, Nazish Akhtar.
Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease affecting approximately 1.5 to 2% of the world population. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucosal condition. It has various oral manifestations, the reticular form being the most common. The course of the disease is usually unpredictable with bouts of remission and exacerbation being common. The most widely accepted treatment for lesions of OLP involves topical or systemic corticosteroids to modulate the patients immune response.


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A STUDY OF NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN THE NORTH EASTERN REGION OF INDIA

2016-11-07T02-16-15Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Sungdirenla Jamir, Arunkumar Singh Ngangom, Davina Hijam, Chubalemla Longkumer, Abhishek Dubey, M. Amuba Singh, Kh. Ibochouba Singh.
Neonatal jaundice is yellow colouration of the skin and the sclera of newborn babies due to accumulation of bilirubin. This is associated with hyperbilirubinaemia, a condition where bilirubin level is raised in the circulation. Objectives: To assess the etiological factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and therapeutic interventions in a tertiary care hospital in the north eastern region of India. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur for a period of two years. One hundred fifty newborns with jaundice aged up to 28 days, both term and preterm were included in this study. Careful clinical assessments were done to assess the possible etiologies. Serum bilirubin was determined by colorimetric method as described by Jendrassik and Grof [12]. Monitoring of serum bilirubin was done by serial measurements once a day in the morning. Results: Significant hyperbilirubinemia (TSB>15mg %) was seen in 58 (38.7%) neonates while 92 (61.3%) had TSB


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A STUDY TO EVALUATE DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS - AN INSTITUTION BASED PILOT STUDY

2016-11-07T02-16-15Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Tarpan Shah, Megha D. Patel, Hiral Shah.
Introduction: At colleges nationwide, large percentage of college students are feeling overwhelmed, sad, hopelessness and so depressed that they are unable to function well. It is seen that Anxiety disorders affect a lot to adults every year, and its levels among college students have been rising since long. The objective of the present study was to explore the severity of depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate physiotherapy students. Methodology: 246 undergraduate physiotherapy students from one institute have been selected for the study purpose .Questionnaire based survey study was done. A DASS 21 questionnaire was given to the students and the aim of the study was explain to them. Duly completed forms were taken away for research study purpose. Result: Among all of total 246 students; Depression-145 were reported under normal category, 52 of them in mild, 35 in moderate level, 10 in severe category and 4 had fallen in the extremely severe category. The Anxiety scale reported 125 in normal, 34 in mild, 49 in moderate level, 20 in severe and 18 of them have been under extremely severe category. The study reported 159 normal cases for Stress scale, 35 were in mild, 31 in moderate, 20 in severe and 1 case in extremely severe score. Conclusion: Present study revealed maximum number of students in the normal category and some students in raised level of anxiety and stress among undergraduate Physiotherapy students. Discussion: Consequently it is advised that the institute should take appropriate steps for reducing the level of depression and stress by undertaking counseling of the students and help them to cope up with their difficulties up to the institutional limit.


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PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIPHERAL RETINAL DEGENERATION IN MYOPIC INDIAN ADULTS

2016-11-07T02-16-15Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Nutan Bedi, Sharda Punjabi.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between peripheral retinal lesions and axial length of the myopic patients. Material and Methods: A sample of 360 eyes from 224 myopic patients was examined at eye out patient department of tertiary care hospital from July 2008 to March 2010. Sonography was used for measurement of axial length of Eye ball and peripheral retina was studied by indirect ophthalmoscope examination and slit lamp microscopy. Chi square test for these qualitative variables with 5% significance was used for statistical analysis. Results: The average age was 45.32±11.34 years and the myopia was between 0.5 and 20 dioptres. The peripheral retina showed benign changes including pigment clumps in 128 eyes (35.55%), paving stone degeneration in 102 eyes (28.33%). Snowflakes degenerations were present in 40 eyes (11.11%) and white without pressure degeneration was found in 18 eyes (5%) of patients While 36 eyes (10%) of patients had lattice degeneration, and only 36(10%) patients had normal peripheral retina. Conclusions: Myopia is a pathological condition associated with peripheral retinal lesions and it can also predispose to various retinal disorders, so it important to diagnose early and treat these patients so that future complications can be minimize.


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CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EWINGS SARCOMA FAMILY OF TUMORS: SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ROLE OF FRIEND LEUKEMIA INTEGRATION - 1(FLI-1) ANTIBODY AND OCCURRENCE OF TUMOR ON RARE SITES

2016-11-07T02-16-15Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Alka Mittal, Jayanti Mehta, Kalpana Mangal, Alpana Jain, Neetu Agarwal, Madan Kumar Solanki.
Objective: Ewings sarcoma /Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) is one of the aggressive malignant round cell tumors affecting mainly children and adolescents. This study aimed to emphasize the role of FLI-1 antibody along with CD99 in diagnosing ES/PNET and to keep this tumor in differential diagnosis even at some rare sites. Material and Method: This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 May 2016 and included 58 patients of ES/PNET. Histopathological and IHC findings were reviewed and the diagnosis of ES/PNET was confirmed. The tumors were further categorized into classic Ewings, PNET and atypical subtypes. Panel of IHC markers included vimentin, CD99, FLI-1, PanCK, LCA, Desmin, Myogenin, NSE, Synaptophysin, S100 and Chromogranin. Results: Clinical Findings- We studied 58 patients of ES / PNET of whom 63% (37/58) were males, 37% (21/58) were females. The age ranged between 3- 65 years (mean 20 years). Histological Findings: 57% of cases (33/58) exhibited classic morphology, 40% (23/58) were classified as PNET. There were only two cases of atypical Ewings sarcoma including large cell and Clear cell variant. Immunohistochemical Findings: Strong membranous CD99 expression was seen in 100%, FLI -1 nuclear staining in 85% , NSE in 50%, S100 in 30%, Synaptophysin in 10% and EMA in 2% (1/58) cases. All other markers included in the panel were negative. Tumor on Rare Sites: 10 Cases were of primary extradural spinal PNET, 1 intramedullary spinal, 2 brain parenchyma, 2 nose & nasopharynx , and one rare case of urinary bladder. Conclusion: Clinical details, histomorphology and IHC includingCD99 and monoclonal FLI-1antibodies may help in supporting diagnosis of EFT if cytogenetic and FISH techniques are not available at any centre.


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AUDITORY PLASTICITY AND COCHLEAR IMPLANTS IN CHILDREN- A REVIEW

2016-11-07T02-16-15Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Muhammed Ayas, Hakam Yaseen, Ahmed Munzer Alwaa.
Aim: The review article is aimed at highlighting the importance of Auditory Plasticity for the positive outcomes in cochlear implantation, which is intrinsic to the critical age period. Method: Various electronic databases such as PubMed/ Medline, Science Direct, CINHAL etc. were used to extract the articles. The keywords used for the search engine were auditory plasticity, deprivation, and cortical re organization, cochlear implants. Discussion: The current review suggests that auditory plasticity is important in achieving proper wiring of acoustic sensation in the congenial hearing loss cases. Critical age period for the intake of new information and learning occurs before 3.5 years of age and post critical period the language learning is delayed. Conclusion: Auditory plasticity and its related functions are critical in influencing the outcome after the CI in children. The advent of electrophysiology into clinical research has paved a path breaking journey in understanding the complex processing of auditory signals in the primary and secondary cortical areas.


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INCIDENCE OF VARIOUS FUNGAL SPECIES IN OCULAR INFECTIONS

2016-11-07T02-16-15Z
Source: International Journal of Current Research and Review
Amrita Bajpai, Rajesh Bareja, Munesh Sharma, Vashishth Mishra, Hiba Sami.
Background: The fungi are significant pathogens causing ocular infections due to their frequent involvement and difficulty in establishing definitive diagnosis. The present study was aimed to detect various fungal and bacterial agents that can cause ocular infections. Material & Methods: An ophthalmologist collected the corneal scrapping that was smeared onto two slides and stained with Grams stain and mounted with 10% KOH (potassium hydroxide) for microscopic examination. Material collected was inoculated directly onto 5% sheeps blood agar in the form of C streak, Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), and sent to the Microbiology department for further processing and identification of causative agent. Results: Out of three hundred and sixty samples, ten cases were found to be fungal culture positive. Aspergillus species were accounting for 40% cases followed by Curvularia species (30%), Alternaria species (1%), Fusarium species (1%) and Scytalidium dimidiatum (1%). Conclusion: Fungal infection is a life threatening condition, which needs early diagnosis and treatment to save the patients eye.


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