Effect of perinatal asphyxia on thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone levels in a rural tertiary care center in Mandya district of Karnataka, India

2016-11-03T03-38-27Z
Source: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Sunil Kumar P., Haricharan K. R., Venugopala K. L..
Background: Studies have shown a difference between serum concentrations of TSH, T4, T3 and FT4 in asphyxiated newborns than in normal newborns which suggesting abnormal thyroid function in asphyxia. We planned this study to assess and compare the effect of perinatal asphyxia on thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone levels. Methods: This was a tertiary care teaching hospital based, prospective case control study conducted on normal full term and full term asphyxiated neonates delivered and admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B. G. Nagara, Karnataka, India from December 2012 to May 2014. Results: The means for thyroid hormones, in cord blood, were similar in both groups, except rT3are higher for non-asphyxiated new born as compared to asphyxiate ones. In newborns with 18-24 hours of life, lower levels of T4, T3, FT4, and TSH were observed in asphyxiated newborns, in which the basal levels (in cord blood) with exception of FT4, failed to increase. Conclusions: Our study suggests that lower T4, free T4, and T3 levels are secondary to lower TSH levels in asphyxiated newborns; also, peripheral metabolism of T4 in asphyxiated infants can be altered due to low T3 and normal reverse T3 levels.


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Isolation of Spermatogonial stem cell and its viability in mice by different enzymatic digestion methods

2016-11-03T03-24-08Z
Source: International Journal of Livestock Research
Kannan T.A, Sabiha Hayath basha, Vairamuthu S., Geetha Ramesh.
The mouse SSCs can be isolated using two step enzymatic digestion method using different enzyme combinations. To conclude, Type II enzymatic digestion method yielded cells, more in number and viable percentage in both pre-pubertal and post-pubertal age groups, than in Type I enzymatic digestion method. The present study provided basic protocol for isolation of maximum yield of functionally viable, spermatogonial stem cell population for further research or therapy.


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To assess the role of multisite instillation of bupivacaine-xylocaine combination for reducing post-operative pain after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2016-11-03T02-25-19Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Jignesh A. Gandhi, Pravin H. Shinde, Pratik D. Patil, Samarth A. Thakkar, Rohan D. Digarse.
Background: Pain following laparoscopic surgery is multifactorial, arising from trocar sites (somatic pain), operative site (visceral pain) and shoulder pain (referred from diaphragmatic irritation because of pneumo-peritoneum). Currently no standard of care exists to reduce post-operative pain by use of local analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Despite many studies, there are contradictory results. Aim of the study was to assess whether instillation of local anaesthetics at trocar sites and intraperitoneally, reduces the amount of pain experienced in the immediate postoperative period after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of General Surgery in a tertiary medical Centre in Mumbai. 75 subjects were randomized into 2 groups. Group A consisting of 38 patients were subjected to multisite instillation of LA combination (bupivacaine+xylocaine) at trocar site, gall bladder fossa, sub diaphragmatic space. Group B, (control group) consisting of 37 patients was given no such LA. Post operatively, pain was assessed by VAS scale (0-100) at 1,4,24 hours. Both the groups were compared and analysed. Results: Group A showed significantly reduced pain scores at 1, 4 and 24 hours post operatively as compared to group B. Conclusions: Our results indicate that multisite infiltration of local anesthetic combination (bupivacaine+xylocaine) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery significantly reduces pain at 1, 4 and 24 hours postoperatively.


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Vitamin deficiency prevalence in primary school children in Punjab, India

2016-11-03T02-25-19Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Meenal Batta, Naveenta Gupta, Geetika Goyal, Amit Jain.
Background: Vitamin deficiencies are the conditions which are prevalent in the society and parents are unaware of them due to their asymptomatic nature. Overcoming this deficiency is integral in achieving the second Sustainable Development Goal charted out by the United Nations. Treatable and preventable nature of these conditions needs to be emphasized. Aims and objectives of the study were to study the prevalence of clinical features of vitamin deficiencies in primary school children. Methods: This single point cross sectional study was conducted in primary school children in Faridkot and comprised of students in the age group of 5-11 years. A total of 849 students were clinically examined. The clinical features of vitamin deficiencies were recorded. Descriptive analysis was used for interpretation. Results: Overall incidence of vitamin deficiency features was 18.96%. The features of vitamin A, B complex, C, and D deficiency were seen in 7.18%, 18.02%, 3.06% and 8.48% respectively. Some children have more than one deficiency features. Conclusions: The primary school children do suffer from vitamin deficiencies and there should be timely evaluation for these diseases. Larger studies substantiated with blood levels would provide more insight into these conditions.


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Study of gastrointestinal toxicity of selective COX-2 inhibitors in comparison with conventional NSAIDs

2016-11-03T02-25-19Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Hima Bindu K., Venkat Rao G..
Background: Adverse gastrointestinal events are the commonest unwanted effects of the NSAIDs, and are believed to result mainly from the inhibition of gastric COX-1, which is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins that normally inhibit acid secretion and protect the mucosa. Previous studies report, that selective COX-2 inhibitors are safer when compared to non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors, regarding their adverse effects on gastrointestinal system. But, recent studies reveal, that gastrointestinal safety of these selective COX-2 inhibitors is not much better than that of conventional NSAIDs. In view of the wider usage of selective COX-2 inhibitors, the study has been taken up to report, whether selective COX-2 inhibitors have got any advantages over conventional NSAIDs or not, in regard to their gastrointestinal side effects. Methods: Patients were divided into eight groups, fifteen patients of each. Each group was given one of the NSAIDs from the eight drugs those were selected for the study, for 15 days. In the selected group, along with the symptomatic assessment of gastric toxicity, both pre and post-treatment values of Hb% are estimated, tabulated & subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Both the drugs, diclofenac & meloxicam have shown significant changes in the Hb% values (p value 0.02 each), whereas selective COX-2 inhibitors like nimesulide & celecoxib were no less in gastric toxicity, in comparison with diclofenac, on symptomatic assessment. Conclusions: In our short-term study, selective COX-2 inhibitors did not show any advantage over non-selective NSAIDs regarding their gastrointestinal toxicity.


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Computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology of thoracic lesions: 10 year experience of an interventional pulmonologist

2016-11-03T02-25-19Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Varinder Saini, Kranti Garg, Uma Handa, Surabhi Jaggi, Ravi Kumar Garg.
Background: Diagnosis of thoracic lesions may be challenging, due to various factors associated with the lesion and subsequent invasive investigations. Computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology (CT-guided FNAC) is a minimally invasive method for thoracic lesions considered non approachable by other modalities. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients subjected to CT-guided FNAC during year 2004 to 2014 was done. In these patients, non-invasive and invasive methods like fibre-optic bronchoscopy/ ultrasound guided FNAC were inconclusive/ expected to be inconclusive. Records were statistically analyzed for patient related, lesion related and procedure related factors, and their effect on yield and complications. Results: 435 patients underwent CT-guided FNAC. Age ranged from 10 to 95 years, with male preponderance. Diagnostic yield was 80.2%. Neoplastic lesions (255/435 (58.6%)) were most commonly diagnosed with majority (206/255 (80.8%)) being non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This was followed by non-neoplastic lesions (94/435 (21.6%)) with Tuberculosis (42/94(44.7%)) being most common in this group. In 227/435 patients, other details like side and size of the lesion, position of patient during the procedure, depth of lesion from skin surface, number of passes undertaken and complications, if any, were also available. They were separately analyzed. Mean size of lesion was 5.7575 X 5.4173cms (maximum vertical X maximum horizontal diameter). Mean depth to which needle was inserted was 5.6663cms. Mean number of passes per patient were 1.98. Right sided lesions were more commonly sampled than left. Supine positioning was most commonly employed. Overall complication rate was 4% (9/227). Conclusions: CT-guided FNAC for thoracic lesions can serve as early diagnostic tool and guide in planning effective management strategies.


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Low dosage iron supplementation: the impact of hemoglobin levels and the side effect of non-anemic pregnant women in Denpasar city, Bali, Indonesia, 2016

2016-11-03T02-25-19Z
Source: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Novia Arini, Sukma Adnyani.
Background: Nearly 95% of anemia in pregnancy is caused by iron deficiency. Iron tablet is recommended in pregnant women, but only 18% who consume iron tablet. One of the factors that influence compliance is the side effects such as constipation, nausea and vomiting. Pregnant women need additional iron supplementation of 30 mg / day, along with folic acid and vitamin C. Based on the above it is necessary to create Iron tablet formulations with low doses but can be optimally absorbed by the body. Methods: Randomized pre and posttest control group design. The inclusion criteria pregnant women 20-35 years, a distance of children ≥2 years, live in Denpasar city and the number of single fetus. Simple random sampling technique to determine the treatment group and the control group. The statistical test used in analyzing is the normality test, homogeneity, Chi-Square test and test the T-group. Results: During research of 44 respondents obtained the results of 44 (100%) are in a healthy reproductive age and no respondents were vegetarian. The analysis data with statistical test T-test, obtained no difference between low-dose iron supplementation and conventional doses of the hemoglobin of non-anemic pregnant women. Also showed that the low-dose iron supplementation can significantly lower incidence of side effects of iron supplementation in non-anemic pregnant women. Conclusions: The proper used of iron in the appropriate dose, will affect the effectiveness of absorption in the body and helps in reducing the side effects that arise from taking iron tablets during pregnancy.


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