Lymph node evaluatıon and survıval after resectıon of colorectal cancer

2016-09-22T03-03-09Z
Source: Medicine Science | International Medical Journal
Lutfi Soylu, Oguz Ugur Aydin, Dedim Cekmen, Fuat Atalay.
Recent studies have demonstrated that lymph nodes ratio (LNR) might provide a significant prognostic role for colorectal cancer. We retrospectively analyzed the data of the patients with colorectal cancer and assessed a possible correlation between lymph node parameters and survival. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent a radical colon surgery involving removal of mesocolic lymph nodes due to colorectal cancer. Prognostic significance of the removed lymph node number (LNs), metastatic LNs, lymph node ratio (LNR) and other factors were compared. This retrospective study included 190 patients (117 males and 73 females). The estimated survival period was found to be 87.70 months [confidence interval (CI) of 95% (80.64-94.76)]. LNR, LNs and N stage were found to have significant correlation with survival. Among these factors, LNR had the biggest correlation (r = 0 .138, P =0.028). Multivariate regression analysis of survival with lymph node parameters showed that LNR and N stage were significantly correlated with survival. However, LNR was found to be the most significant prognostic factor [P >0.0001, 95% CI; 3.12 (1.55-5.75)]. LNR is a better prognostic factor in patients with colorectal cancer compared to lymph node stage and number.


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Evaluation of the effects of Aegle marmelos and Punica granatum in an experimental model of gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction

2016-09-22T02-44-41Z
Source: International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
Harshveer Singh M. Malhi, Sandhya K. Kamat, Akash R. Deogharkar, Nirmala N. Rege.
Background: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aegle marmelos and Punica granatum in an experimental model of gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction induced by common bile duct ligation. Methods: Institutional animal ethics committee approval was obtained. Forty two Wistar rats (either sex, 150-250 gms) divided into seven groups (n=six/group), were subjected to sham operation (group 1) or bile duct ligation (groups 2-7) and treated with distilled water (groups 1 and 2); 0.75mg/kg glutamine (group 3); 0.27 g/kg and 0.54 g/kg of A. marmelos (groups 4 and 5); 3.6 g/kg and 7.2 g/kg P. granatum (groups 6 and 7) orally once daily for 10 days. On Day 11, animals were sacrificed and samples of the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes were obtained to study jejunal and ileal villous morphology, villous heights, jejunal mucosal sucrase enzyme activity and bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. Results: Glutamine prevented blunting of the intestinal villi, bacterial translocation and a fall in the sucrase enzyme activity. Both the plant drugs prevented blunting of the villi (except low dose A. marmelos for ileal villi) and a fall in the villous heights (except low dose P. granatum for jejunal villi), decreased the bacterial translocation (except low dose A. marmelos), and prevented a fall in the sucrase enzyme activity when compared to the disease control. The high doses of both A. marmelos and P. granatum were comparable to glutamine for all the variables tested. Conclusions: Both A. marmelos and P. granatum maintained the gastrointestinal barrier function in this model.


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GUT MORPHOLOGY AND BLOOD PROFILE OF FINISHER BROILERS FED DIETS CONTAINING DRIED BISCUIT DOUGH MEAL

2016-09-22T01-30-56Z
Source: International Journal of Livestock Research
Muritala Daniel Shittu, Adebayo Olanrewaju Abiola, Olusegun Ojeniyi Ojebiyi, David Olusoji Adejumo.
This experiment was conducted using one hundred and forty-four unsexed day-old Arbor acre strains of broiler chicks for 56 days. The experiment was designed to evaluate the gut morphology and blood profiles of finisher broilers fed diet containing varied inclusion of dried biscuit dough meal. The birds were divided into four dietary groups with three replications of 12 birds each. Diet one (control) containing 0% biscuit dough while diet 2, 3, and 4 consist 5, 10 and 15% inclusion of biscuit dough in replacement of maize respectively. The data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance in a completely randomized design experiment. No significant (p


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Antibacterial synergy between Rosmarinic acid and antibiotics against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2016-09-21T13-13-14Z
Source: Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology
Sanmuga Priya Ekambaram, Senthamil Selvan Perumal, Ajay Balakrishnan, Nathiya Marappan, Sabari Srinivasan Gajendran, Vinodhini Viswanathan.
Aim/Background: Medicinal plants have ability to resist microorganisms by synthesizing secondary metabolites such as phenols. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenylpropanoid widely distributed in plants and well known as therapeutic and cosmetic agent. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which is resistant to all kinds of β-lactams, threatens even most potent antibiotics. To improve efficiency of antibiotics against multi-drug resistant bacteria and to reduce the antibiotic dose, the antibacterial activity and the synergistic effect of rosmarinic acid with standard antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and MRSA was investigated. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity of RA against S. aureus and clinical isolate of MRSA was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of RA was determined by broth dilution method. Synergism of RA with various antibiotics against S. aureus and MRSA was studied by broth checker board method and time kill kinetic assay. Effect of RA on MSCRAMMs (Microbial Surface Components Recognising Adhesive Matrix Molecules) of S. aureus and MRSA was studied using sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results: MIC of RA was found to be 0.8 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml against S. aureus and MRSA respectively. RA was synergistic with vancomycin, ofloxacin and amoxicillin against S. aureus and only with vancomycin against MRSA. The time kill analysis revealed that synergistic combinations were more effective than individual antibiotics. MSCRAMMs protein expression of S. aureus and MRSA was markedly suppressed by RA + vancomycin combination rather than RA alone. Conclusion: The synergistic effects of RA with antibiotics were observed against S. aureus and MRSA. RA showed inhibitory effect on the surface proteins MSCRAMMs. Even though RA was shown to exhibit synergistic effect with antibiotics, the MIC was found to be higher. Thus further studies on increasing the efficacy of RA can develop it as an adjuvant for antibiotics.


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Evaluation of Anti-epileptic activity of Leaf extracts of Punica granatum on experimental models of epilepsy in mice

2016-09-21T13-13-14Z
Source: Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology
Gollapalle L Viswanatha, Marikunte V Venkataranganna, NBL Prasad Prasad, Godavarthi Ashok.
Aims: This study was aimed to examine the anti-epileptic activity of leaf extracts of Punica granatum in experimental models of epilepsy in swiss albino mice. Methods: Petroleum ether (PLPG), methanolic (MLPG) and aqueous (ALPG) extracts of Punica granatum leaves were initially evaluated against 6-Hz-induced seizure model, the potent extract was further evaluated against maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions. Further, the potent extractwas evaluated for itsinfluence on Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) levels in brain, to explore the possible mechanism of action. In addition, the potent extract was subjected to actophotometer test to assess its possible locomotor activity deficit inducing action. Results: In6-Hz seizure test, the MLPG has alleviated 6-Hz-induced seizures significantly and dose dependently at doses 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. In contrast, PLPG and ALPG did not show any protection, only high dose of ALPG (400 and 800 mg/kg, p.o.) showed very slight inhibition. Based on these observations only MLPG was tested in MES and PTZ models. Interestingly, the MLPG (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) has offered significant and dose dependent protection against MES (P


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Evaluation of the potential effect of Allium sativum, Momordica charantia, Eugenia jambolana, Ocimum sanctum and Psidium guajava on intestinal P-glycoprotein in rats

2016-09-21T13-13-14Z
Source: Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology
Devendra Kumar, Neerja Trivedi, Rakesh K Dixit.
Aims/Background: This study was evaluated synergistic effect of Polyherbal formulation (PHF) of Allium sativum L., Eugenia jambolana Lam., Momordica charantia L., Ocimum sanctum Linn and Psidium guajava L on p-glycoprotein of intestine. These five herbs were traditionally used for diabetes. These herbs are commonly present in ayurvedic product as antidiabetics in India. Methodology: PHF was prepared by five indigenous herbs. Different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) of was orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats of different groups for multiple weeks except control groups. Alteration in Pgp expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and western blotting while modulation in activity of Pgp was evaluated using rhodamine 123 as transport substrate by in-situ absorption and everted gut sac method. Results: In PHF pretreated group received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for seven days, mRNA level decreased by 1.75, 2.45 and 2.37 fold respectively as compared to control. Similarly when PHF at dose of 100 mg/kg/day was given consequently for four weeks maximum decrease in Pgp expression level was observed only after one week and further increase in the treatment duration did not produce significant decrease compared to first week treatment. Pgp mediated transport of rhodamine 123 was significantly decreased with everted gut sac prepared from PHF pretreated rats (one week) compared to those prepared from vehicle treated rats. Conclusions: In conclusion, we report that PHF pretreatment down regulated the expression of intestinal Pgp and this down regulated intestinal Pgp would result in decreased functional activity. Additionally this down regulated Pgp expression might affect the bioavailability of antidiabetic Pgp substrate drugs.


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A study to analyze characteristics of primary hypothyroid patients not achieving target TSH values despite being prescribed adequate thyroxine dose

2016-09-21T09-41-17Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Abhishek Singhai, Vishal Yadav, Rajesh Kumar Jha.
Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in India. The aim of therapy in hypothyroidism is to achieve euthyroid state, assessed by measuring serum TSH levels. Despite the fact that treatment of hypothyroidism should be straight forward, a significant percentage of hypothyroid patients treated with thyroxine have TSH values outside the normal range. Objective: To assess the percentage of primary hypothyroid patients with abnormal thyroid functions despite being prescribed levothyroxine for at least 2 months prior to enrolment. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, cross sectional study which included adult patients with primary hypothyroidism, who were on treatment with stable dose of levothyroxine for at least 2 months. A total of 500 subjects,who came for routine visit, were included in the study after fulfilling inclusion criteria. A comprehensive Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) version 11 was used for the data analysis. Result: A total of 500 patients with primary hypothyroidism were enrolled in the study. Average daily dose of levothyroxine was found to be 1.24 μg/kg/day. The majority of patients (80%) were compliant to treatment. Twelve percent patients were moderately compliant while 8% patients were non-compliant to treatment. Among the 500 patients, 280 (56%) patients were found to have abnormal thyroid function, out of 280 patients, 198 (39.6%) were under-treated and 82 (16.4%) patients were over-treated. Conclusion: This study revealed that although being largely compliant to treatment, a significant number of Indian patients with primary hypothyroidism have abnormal serum TSH values, despite being prescribed a stable dose of levothyroxine for at least 2 months.


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