Successful treatment of Aspergillus ventriculitis through voriconazole adaptive pharmacotherapy, immunomodulation, and therapeutic monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid (1→3)-β-D-glucan

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div><span style="font-style:italic;">Aspergillus</span> ventriculitis is an uncommon but often fatal form of invasive aspergillosis of the central nervous system (CNS). As little is known about the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of this potentially lethal infection, we report the strategies used to successfully treat <span style="font-style:italic;">Aspergillus</span> ventriculitis complicating a pineal and pituitary germinoma with emphasis on the critical role of adaptive pharmacotherapy of voriconazole and serial monitoring of (1→3)-β-D-glucan in cerebrospinal fluid. We describe several rationally based therapeutic modalities, including adaptive pharmacotherapy, combination therapy, sargramostim-based immunomodulation, and biomarker-based therapeutic monitoring of the CNS compartment. Through these strategies, our patient remains in remission from both his germinoma and <span style="font-style:italic;">Aspergillus</span> ventriculitis making him one of the few survivors of <span style="font-style:italic;">Aspergillus</span> ventriculitis.</span>

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