Heterogeneity of tumor and immune cell PD-L1 expression and lymphocyte counts in surgical NSCLC samples.

Expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells was retrospectively analyzed in a cohort of surgically-treated non-small cell lung cancer patients. There was significant discordance of PD-L1 expression between different tumor areas, especially in the immune cell compartment. Heterogeneous PD-L1 expression represents a challenge for adequate biomarker-based selection of patients for PD-1/PD-L1-directed therapies.

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