Edible Camphor-induced Histopathological Changes in Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex Following Oral Administration into Rats

2016-12-10T15-20-04Z
Source: Journal of Interdisciplinary Histopathology
Oluwatobi T Somade, Damilola M. Ogunberu, Toyin T. Fakayode, Adeola O. Animashaun.
Introduction: Raw edible camphor (EC), and as component of herbal infusions are widely used to treat pile, back pain, erectile dysfunction, and as an aphrodisiac especially in preparation for sexual intercourse by men. It has been traced in umbilical cord, blood, fetal, adipose, and other tissues including brain, where it bioaccumulates. Methods: The study, therefore, investigated the possible histopathological changes in brain, heart, and spleen that may result following EC administration in rats. Thirty animals were used for the study and were divided into six groups of five rats each. Group I animals served as normal control, Group II animals served as vehicle control and were orally administered 6 mL/kg corn oil daily for 7 days, while Groups III-VI animals were orally administered 1, 2, 4, and 6 g/kg EC for 7 days daily. Results and Conclusions: Following the administrations of various doses of EC, the histopathological changes seen in the cerebral cortex of the brain include mild submeningeal spongiosis, mild diffuse spongiosis of the parenchyma, a very mild diffuse gliosis, and presences of gitter cells, while in hippocampus, there were mild diffuse gliosis and disruption of the progression of the hippocampal horns, as well as foci of spongiosis around the hippocampal horns, and neuronal cells have open faced nuclei. No effect was seen in heart and spleen except 4 g/kg of EC that revealed moderate diffuse congestion in spleen only. In conclusion, EC may not have any toxic effects on the cardiac and splenic cells, but had toxic effects on the brain hippocampus and cerebral cortex, and may lead to brain cell damage.


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Prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus with microalbuminuria

2016-12-10T06-13-12Z
Source: International Journal of Advances in Medicine
Sonu Chauhan, Mrinmay Ghosh, Pramod Kumar Agrawal, Mrityunjay Pratap Singh, Wasim Alam.
Background: The study was designed to assess the prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) in asymptomatic patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without microalbuminuria, by the exercise electrocardiography and to assess the role of microalbuminuria as a marker for detecting silent coronary artery disease (CAD) and role of other conventional CAD risk factors in diabetic patients in development of SMI. Methods: A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were dipstick negative for macroalbuminuria and had no history suggestive of CAD or ECG abnormality were taken. Out of 60 patients 30 patients were positive for microalbuminuria by Micral Test® II sticks and 30 were tested negative for microalbuminuria. Subsequently, they were divided into case and control groups. Results: The risk of undetected CAD was increased in male Type 2 diabetics (p


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The reliability and validity of Indian version of Chinese restaurant syndrome scale

2016-12-10T05-30-36Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Selvaraj Irulankudi, Preethi Selvaraj, Pradeep Selvaraj.
Background: Universally people relish and appreciate attractive foods from the restaurants. Chinese restaurant syndrome (CRS) includes nexus web of symptoms such as numbness at the back of neck which is gradually radiating to upper limbs, general weakness, and palpitation. Hence, developing a cost-effective tool to assess the CRS among general population was our key research priority. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a self-administered scale to assess the CRS. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study for which parameters for assessing CRS were identified and reviewed by experts in the area of scale construction. Designed questionnaire was given to the 131 study subjects with objectives explained, triad of symptoms (chest pain, numbness, and burning sensation) were analyzed and the confidentiality of the data and results were been assured and a final scale including three domains including 25 item check-list was constructed. Data were analyzed for factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbachα), test-retest reliability using SPSS v 22.0 software. Results: The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbachs alpha which was 0.91 and the intra class correlation coefficient was 0.90; 95% CI (0.898, 0.936), P

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Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus species isolated from urine samples in a tertiary care hospital, Western India

2016-12-10T05-30-36Z
Source: International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health
Mitali R Maradia, Kanksha Mehta, Khyati Prajapati, Minesh Vadsmiya, Pranay Shah, Mahendra Vegad.
Background: Enterococci have emerged as an important cause of nosocomial infections, and antibiotic resistance Enterococcus is a major obstacle for treatment. Objective: The present study was carried out to determine the species of Enterococci isolated from urine samples and to determine its multidrug-resistant pattern. Materials and Methods: Enterococcus spp. were isolated and identified from urine samples between February 2014 and June 2015 by the standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Result: Among the 156 isolates, Enterococcus faecium constituted the predominant isolate. They were found to be susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin with least sensitive to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Routine speciation and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Enterococcus in urine samples are emphasized due to the prevalence of a wide variety of Enterococcus species and also appearance of high-resistant strains.


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Mental Health Promotion or Public Mental Health: The Time Demanded Area

2016-12-10T04-17-32Z
Source: Journal of Behavioral Health
S.M. Yasir Arafat.



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UTILIZATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN PHARMACOVIGILANCE: RELEVANCE, SCOPE AND CHALLENGES

2016-12-10T02-17-59Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Dr. Aby Mathews M, Dr. Rohini N Kathavate.
The universalisation of the web and online networking in the course of recent years has prompted a progressive movement in how individuals are communicating with each other today. Online networking stages and applications are quickly becoming the most preferred communication method. The increased uses of tablets, mobile phones and other hand held smart devices have led to the rapid increase of users of social media. Advanced media is utilized by biopharmaceutical organizations for correspondence with patients to gather information about infections and medicines, clinical trial enlistments, patient support programs etc. This paper analyses the scope importance and challenges of data mining with social media as a source for the process of Pharmacovigilance (PV) and the potential impact of the same in the larger arena of population and public health.


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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COLONIC MICROSPHERES OF GLIPIZIDE BY IONIC GELATION METHOD

2016-12-10T02-17-59Z
Source: Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Goyal Gourav*, Garg Payal, Singh Gurdev, Saini Sapna, Beniwal Renu, Rathi Jyoti, Arora Sunaina.
The present study delineates synthesis and characterization of Glipizide microspheres using tragacanth gum, inulin and HPMC as polymers for colon-specific delivery for better treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, avoiding the side effects. The Glipizide microspheres were prepared by ionotropic gelation technique by the use of various cross linking agents. The polysaccharides reacted with sodium alginate in the presence of various cross linking agents to form microspheres with a polyelectrolyte complex membrane by electrostatic interaction between the two oppositely charged polymers. The microspheres were then studied for entrapment efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility and surface morphology. In vitro drug release pattern was studied in buffer medium using USP dissolution apparatus. Further, kinetics modelling was employed to find out release mechanisms. Glipizide microspheres showed high entrapment efficiency (87.75%) and the microspheres were free flowing, non aggregated and spherical, between 500-700 μm in diameter. The FT-IR spectrum showed that there is no interaction between the polymer and drug. The in vitro release study found to be affected by using various cross linking agent. The microspheres with Barium chloride as cross linking agent showing no drug release at acidic pH but show maximum release at the end of 12th hour in simulated intestinal fluid. The rate of drug release follows koresmeyer-peppas model and zero order kinetics. It was seen from the observation data that the cumulative percentage release from all the drug loaded batches of microspheres fell within the range of 47.73% to 64.14% in 12 hours study and it was found that the % cumulative release in microspheres encapsulated with tragacanth gum was maximum for Batch GA2 (64.14%) and minimum for Batch GC3 (47.73%).The study reveals that Glipizide loaded inulin microspheres can be used effectively for colon targeting.


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